火电机组锅炉炉管沉积物类型和影响分析  

Analysis on types and effects of deposits in boiler tubes of thermal power unit

作　　者：滕维忠[1] 郭俊文[1] 刘炎伟 邓彪[2] 林崴 秦建柱 郭上科 曹志刚 黄俊谐 伊朝品 黄修喜 TENG Weizhong;GUO Junwen;LIU Yanwei;DENG Biao;LIN Wei;QIN Jianzhu;GUO Shangke;CAO Zhigang;HUANG Junxie;YI Chaopin;HUANG Xiuxi(Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710054,China;Dongfang Power Plant of Huaneng Hainan Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Dongfang 572600,China)

机构地区：[1]西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西西安710054 [2]华能海南发电股份有限公司东方电厂,海南东方572600

出　　处：《热力发电》2023年第7期181-190,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ21-HF201)。

摘　　要：火电机组锅炉炉管失效爆管,会造成机组非停和一定的经济损失。炉管内沉积物是其失效的重要原因,减少炉管内沉积物的产生对机组的安全稳定运行具有重大意义。研究发现,沉积物的形成与炉管过热、高热负荷、水汽品质不佳、出现水汽相变、工质扰动和管材表面缺陷等多种因素有关。结合目前机组灵活性和深度调峰运行、环保改造等情况,用实际沉积物事故案例对各种类型沉积物的形成机理和影响因素进行了分析;进一步论述了炉管内沉积物带来的过热、盐类富集浓缩和对垢下腐蚀的影响;提出了对给水水质、停炉保护、机组启动水汽净化、机组调峰、锅炉换管、锅炉改造和检修时的应对措施,以有效减少锅炉受热面沉积物的产生和降低锅炉炉管失效的风险。The failure of boiler tubes in thermal power units will cause non shutdown of units and greater economic losses.Deposits in boiler tubes are an important reason for their failure,and reducing deposits in boiler tubes is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of units.It is found that the formation of deposits is related to many factors,such as overheating of furnace tubes,high heat load,poor water vapor quality,water vapor phase transition,working medium disturbance and pipe surface defects.Combined with the flexibility of units,deep peak shaving operation,environmental protection reform and other conditions,the formation mechanism and influencing factors of various types of deposits are analyzed with actual accident case pictures.The effects of overheating,salt concentration and corrosion under scale caused by deposits in furnace tubes are further discussed.The countermeasures for feedwater quality,boiler shutdown protection,unit startup steam purification,unit peak shaving,boiler tube replacement,boiler transformation and maintenance are proposed,which can effectively reduce the generation of boiler heating surface deposits and reduce the risk of boiler tube failure.

关 键 词：炉管失效 沉积物 热负荷 水汽品质 流体状态 

分 类 号：TM621.2[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]