行政裁决的实践困局与制度重整  

The Practical Dilemma and System Reconstruction of Administrative Adjudication

作　　者：张运昊 ZHANG Yun-hao(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2023年第4期117-128,共12页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2020年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面依法治国视域下司法行政职能定位及作用发挥问题研究”(项目编号:20JZD021)。

摘　　要：行政裁决是行政机关依申请和法律法规授权对民事纠纷的居中裁决。但在实践中,行政机关普遍不愿裁决甚至主动规避裁决,导致行政裁决制度在我国陷入严重的实效性困局。对此,坚持“站在法律之内看法律”的规范法学既不能对行政机关的规避行动作出明确的合法性评价,更难以全面解释行政裁决制度陷入困局的原因并提出有效的应对方案。基于制度分析的理论视野,过高的制度运行成本、“司法中心主义”的强势话语影响和难以适应转型社会的解纷需求是行政裁决陷入困局的根源。基于此,应通过增强行政裁决设定规范的明确性,强化行政裁决与行政调解、民事诉讼等其他纠纷解决方式的协调性,提升社会公众和行政机关对行政裁决制度的认同性等方式,推进我国行政裁决的制度重整。唯有如此,才能真正破解我国行政裁决制度面临的困局。Administrative adjudication is the intermediate adjudication of civil disputes by administrative organs in accordance with the application and the authorization of laws and regulations.However,in practice,administrative organs are generally unwilling to adjudicate or even actively evade adjudication,resulting in a serious practical dilemma of administrative adjudication system in China.In this regard,normative jurisprudence that persists in considering law within scope of law can neither make a clear judgment on the legality of the evasive action of administrative organs,nor fully explain the reasons for the administrative adjudication system into a dilemma and put forward effective countermeasures.Based on the theoretical perspective of institutional analysis,the high cost of system operation,the strong influence of“judicature centralism”and the difficulty to adapt to the demand of resolving disputes in the transformation of society are the root causes of the dilemma of administrative adjudication.In order to promote the reconstruction of administrative adjudication system in China,it is necessary to enhance the clarity of the setting norms of administrative adjudication,strengthen the coordination between administrative adjudication and administrative mediation,civil litigation and other dispute settlement methods,and enhance the recognition of the public and administrative organs to the administrative adjudication system.Only in this way can we really solve the dilemma confronted by our administrative adjudication system.

关 键 词：行政裁决 制度困局 规范法学 制度分析 制度重整 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]