清前中期直隶沿边蒙旗渔禁述论  

The Prohibition on Fishing in the Mongolian Banners along the Border of Zhili Province in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty

作　　者：胡哲 王兴振[2] HU Zhe;WANG Xingzhen(School of History and Culture,Northwest Minzu University;School of History and Culture,Lanzhou University)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学历史文化学院,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学历史文化学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《清史研究》2023年第4期124-134,共11页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：西北民族大学引进人才科研项目“清末‘筹蒙改制’下的内蒙古地区渔业开发”(xbmuyjrc2021006)。

摘　　要：清前期,达里诺尔水域渔产曾被清廷开发,以赈济被灾的直隶以北锡林郭勒、昭乌达等部蒙旗。赈灾重建后,蒙旗回归游牧,放弃渔捕,造成蒙旗水域的渔捕真空,吸引口内民人聚集渔捕。对此,蒙旗扎萨克最初有条件地默许,后因情势变化转而反对,并引起清廷的介入。雍正朝最初采取教化、驱逐的处理方式,后采纳直隶总督的提议颁行禁令,辅以执行方案。在蒙旗与民人渔捕的长期纠纷中,清廷与直隶地方持续修正渔禁,终在乾隆朝确立了跨地域、体系化的渔禁方案,以规范直隶北部及沿边蒙旗地方秩序。In the early Qing Dynasty,the Qing Court developed a fishery in Dalibor to provide disaster relief relieve for the Mongol Banners of Xilingol and Zhaowu Da.After the disaster,the Mongolian banners withdrew from fishing,but the fisheries of Mongolian Banners attracted interest from the Han.The attitude of Mongolian banners Zasak toward Han fishing underwent a change from acquiescence to prohibition.The Qing Court's original way of dealing with the fishermen combined“expulsion”and education.Afterwards the Qing Court followed the advice of the governor of Zhili Province,began to prohibit fishing in Dalibor.At the same time,the Qing Court formulated and strictly implemented an accountability system,equipped with a set of matching enforcement mechanisms.During the long dispute between the Mongolian banners and the fisherman,the Qing Court and Zhili Province officials enforced the mechanisms of the fishing ban over again.Finally,a cross-regional and systematic fishing ban protocol was established in Qianlong reign to standardize the local order of northern Zhili Province and Mongolian banners.

关 键 词：封禁政策 蒙旗 渔捕 渔禁 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]