孕期膳食结构与孕晚期血压的关系初探  

Preliminary study on the relationship between dietary structure during pregnancy and blood pressure in the third trimester

作　　者：方璇 尹万军 余丽君 吴琳 陶瑞雪[2] 朱鹏[1] FANG Xuan;YINin Wanjun;YU Lijun;WU Lin;TAO Ruixue;ZHU Peng(Department of Child and Child Health,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,The First People's Hospital of Hefei,Hefei 230061,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,安徽合肥230032 [2]合肥市第一人民医院妇产科,安徽合肥230061

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2023年第7期80-86,共7页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173531,81872631)。

摘　　要：目的探讨孕期不同食物和营养素种类与孕晚期血压之间的关系,从而为孕期饮食指导提供科学依据。方法于2015年3月至2019年2月在合肥市的三家医院,招募定期产检的孕14~27周、单胎妊娠、定居在合肥的孕妇,发放自行设计的电子调查问卷,最终有4379人完成问卷。收集所有孕妇的人口统计学特征、孕期身体状况、生活方式、饮食习惯及血压;通过食物摄入量计算营养素摄入。分析影响孕晚期血压的因素,不同营养素摄入与孕晚期血压的关联。结果孕前身体质量指数(BMI)≥24kg/m^(2)、初产妇、丈夫吸烟(≥6支/天)、摄入杂粮类<3份/周、摄入禽肉类<3份/周、摄入鱼虾贝类<3份/周、摄入蔬菜类<3份/周、摄入水果类<3份/周的孕妇孕晚期收缩压和舒张压更高(收缩压:t值分别为-10.779、-2.325、2.343、6.247、6.169、5.288、7.392、7.387,P<0.05;舒张压:t值分别为-11.066、-3.870、2.276、4.727、4.088、3.766、6.068、5.472,P<0.05);摄入畜肉类<3份/周、摄入坚果类<3份/周、摄入油炸类<3份/周、摄入腌卤菜类<3份/周、摄入甜饮料类<3份/周的孕妇孕晚期收缩压和舒张压更低(收缩压:t值分别为-5.977、-5.533、-7.204、-7.375、-6.235,P<0.05;舒张压:t值分别为-2.248、-4.357、-5.534、-6.403、-4.402,P<0.05)。对孕妇不同营养素摄入频率与孕晚期血压进行多因素线性回归分析发现,孕期摄入纤维素、脂肪、糖类和能量的频率与孕晚期血压有关联(收缩压:β分别为-0.350、0.260、-0.330、0.550;舒张压:β分别为-0.210、0.170、-0.160、0.210,P<0.05);孕期摄入碳水化合物的频率与孕妇孕晚期收缩压有关联(β=0.170,P<0.05),与孕晚期舒张压无关联(P>0.05);孕期摄入蛋白质的频率与孕晚期收缩压、舒张压均无关联(P>0.05)。结论孕妇孕晚期的饮食与血压关联显著,可以通过孕期营养干预如增加纤维素类食物的摄入、减少脂肪类食物的摄入降低妊娠期高�Objective Discusses different kinds of food and nutrients during pregnancy and late pregnancy,the relationship between the blood pressure so as toprovide scientific basis for dietary guidance during pregnancy.Methods FromMarch 2015 to February 2019,4379 pregnant women for 14 to 27 weeks of regular maternity check-up were recruited from three hospitals in Anhui Province to collect their demographic characteristics,health status during pregnancy,lifestyle,food frequency,and maternal blood pressure by questionnaire survey and to compute nutrient frequencies from food frequencies.Analysis of influence factors associated with blood pressure,different nutrients intake and blood pressure of late in pregnancy.Results Pregnancy BMI of pregnant women in late pregnancy 24 kg/m^(2) or higher systolic blood pressure(t=-10.779,P<0.05),diastolic blood pressure is higher(t=-11.066,P<0.05);First-time mothers late pregnancyhigh systolic blood pressure(t=-2.325,P<0.05),diastolic blood pressure is higher(t=-3.870,P<0.05);Husbands who smoked(≥6 cigarettes/day)had higer systolic blood press(t=2.343,P<0.05)and higher diastolic blood pressure(t=2.276,P<0.05).The diastolic blood pressure in the third trimester of pregnancy was lower in women who exercised outdoors for more than 1h/day(t=2.851,P<0.05).The pregnant women who consumed less than 3 servs of multigrains per week had higher systolic blood pressure(t=6.247,P<0.05)and higher diastolic blood pressure(t=4.727,P<0.05).Women who consumed less than 3 servings of poultry meat per week had higher systolic blood pressure(t=6.619,P<0.05)and higher diastolic blood pressure(t=4.088,P<0.05).Pregnant women who consumed less than 3 servings of fish,shrimp and shell fish per week had higher systolic blood pressure(t=5.288,P<0.05)and higher diastolic blood pressure(t=3.766,P<0.05)in late pregnancy.Pregnant women who consumed less than 3 servings of vegetables per week had higher systolic blood pressure(t=7.392,P<0.05)and higher diastolic blood pressure(t=6.068,P<0.05)in late pregnancy.Pregnant

关 键 词：孕妇 孕晚期 血压 饮食行为 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]