1963-2021年河南省焦作市职业性尘肺病回顾性调查  

Retrospective investigation of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jiaozuo of Henan,1963-2021

作　　者：郭连霞[1] 杨凤叶 张琼琼 GUO Lianxia;YANG Fengye;ZHANG Qiongqiong(Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention,Jiaozuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiaozuo,Henan 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第7期490-494,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的分析焦作市职业性尘肺病(尘肺病)发病特点及变化趋势,为尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性分析方法对1963-2021年焦作市的尘肺病病例进行调查,描述性分析尘肺病的发病年龄、接尘工龄、种类、发病时间、行业分布、存活病例保障等情况。结果1963-2021年焦作市尘肺病共5541例,随访到5338例,其中,现存活1299例(23.44%)、死亡4039例(72.89%)。以男性为主(5522例,99.66%);尘肺病种类以煤工尘肺(3780例,68.22%)、矽肺(1482例,26.74%)为主,壹期尘肺4334例(78.22%);1980-1989年为发病高峰(2551例,占46.04%),1990年后呈下降趋势(χ2趋势=752.293,P<0.001),2010-2021年发病393例(7.09%)较1980-1989年下降84.59%;尘肺病发病年龄为(53.26±10.68)岁,接尘工龄为(23.79±9.15)年,发病年龄煤工尘肺高于矽肺和水泥尘肺,接尘工龄矽肺小于煤工尘肺和水泥尘肺,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);行业分布以煤炭开采和洗选业(3778例,68.18%)、非金属矿物制品业(617例,11.14%)为主。现存活病例均享有不同类型医疗保障。结论1963-2021年焦作市的尘肺病以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,主要发生在煤炭开采和洗选业、金属矿物制品业,1990年后发病呈下降趋势。应继续加强煤炭开采和洗选业、非金属矿物制品业等重点行业的尘肺病防治工作。Objective To analyze the characteristics and changing trend of occupational pneumoconiosis(pneumoconiosis)in Jiaozuo,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.Methods Retrospective survey was used to investigate patients with pneumoconiosis reported in Jiaozuo from 1963-2021,and descriptive analysis of the age of onset,length of service,type,onset time,industry distribution,and support of survival cases of pneumoconiosis patients was conducted.Results From 1963 to 2021,there were 5541 cases of pneumoconiosis in Jiaozuo,and 5338 cases were followed up.among which 1299(23.44%)was alive,and 4039(72.89%)were dead.Most of them were male(5522 cases,99.66%).The main types of pneumoconiosis were coal worker pneumoconiosis(3780 cases,68.22%),silicosis(1482 cases,26.74%),and 4334 cases(78.22%)were phase one.The incidence peak of pneumoconiosis(2551 cases,46.04%)occurred between 1980 and 1989,showing a downward trend after 1990(rund=752.293,P<0.001).The number of new cases during 2010-2021(393 cases,7.09%)decreased by 84.59%compared to 1980-1989.The mean age of onset of pneumoconiosis was(53.26±10.68)years;the mean length of working with the exposure of dust was(23.79+9.15)years.The age of onset for coal pneumoconiosis was higher than that for silicosis and cement pneumoconiosis.The length of working with the exposure of dust for silicosis was less than that for coal pneumoconiosis and cement pneumoconiosis,showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The industry distribution was dominated by coal mining and washing industry(3778 cases,68.18%)and non-metallic mineral products industry(617 cases,11.14%).All the existing living cases had different types of medical insurance.Conclusions From 1963 to 2021,the pneumoconiosis in Jiaozuo city was mainly coal worker pneumoconiosis and silicosis,which mainly occurred in coal mining and washing industry and metal and mineral products industry.The incidence of the disease decreased after 1990.We should continue to strengthen the prev

关 键 词：职业性尘肺病 煤工尘肺 矽肺 回顾性调查 发病特点 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]