水成膜泡沫灭火剂成分分析及热解产物污染特性研究  

Composition analysis of aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent and pollution characteristics of pyrolysis products

作　　者：张纯 张佳庆 章海斌 施雯 尚峰举 屠金萍 ZHANG Chun;ZHANG Jiaqing;ZHANG Haibin;SHI Wen;SHANG Fengju;TU Jinping(State Grid Anhui Maintenance Company,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection(State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities),State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute,Hefei 230601,China;School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]国网安徽省电力有限公司检修分公司,合肥230601 [2]国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,电力火灾与安全防护安徽省重点实验室(国家电网公司输变电设施火灾防护实验室),合肥230601 [3]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第7期2505-2513,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国网安徽省电力有限公司科技项目(52120320006U)。

摘　　要：水成膜泡沫灭火时,部分气液污染物将进入环境,因此全面研究其污染特性具有现实意义。首先,采用元素分析、红外光谱和液相色谱/质谱联用方法对水成膜泡沫原液成分开展分析。结果显示,该原液含有多种存在潜在风险的危害物质,使用后会渗入环境中。其次,对原液热解气体开展定性定量分析。结果显示,当温度低于400℃时,原液热裂解仅释放CO,且质量浓度较低;温度高于400℃时,会释放CO、SO_(2)、NO、HF等气体,其中600℃时这些气体质量浓度的峰值远超《环境空气质量标准》规定的阈值。此外,有机气体产物中除挥发性有机物外,还包含多种全氟烷基化合物。由此推断,不同温度下,氟碳表面活性剂受热分解具有两种路径,即低温下尾部自由基脱离和高温下全氟链断裂。When using an aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent, a large amount of toxic and harmful liquid and gas pollutants would enter the environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to comprehensively study the pollution characteristics of aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents. In this paper, Elemental Analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and high-performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were used to analyze the composition of typical aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents. The results show that the stock solution contains a variety of potentially dangerous hazardous substances, such as fluorocarbon surfactants, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and diethyleneglycol butyl ether. These substances can seep into environmental media such as groundwater and soil with the use of foam extinguishing agents. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pyrolysis gas products of aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents was carried out by using a high-temperature pyrolysis experimental platform. It is found that when the pyrolysis temperature is lower than 400 ℃, only CO gas is released, and the concentration is lower. When the temperature rises to 400 ℃, the pyrolysis of the aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent releases inorganic gas pollutants such as CO, SO_(2), NO, HF, etc. Among them, the concentration of CO is the highest, mainly from the breakage reaction of carbonyl, ether, and glycosidic bonds in the aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent. The peak mass concentrations of these gases reach 2 982.78 mg/m^(3), 761.43 mg/m^(3), 10.97 mg/m^(3), and 1.75 mg/m^(3) when the temperature reaches 600 ℃, far exceeding the threshold specified in GB 3095—2012 "Ambient Air Quality Standard". In addition to volatile organic compounds, organic gas products also include various perfluoroalkyl compounds. There are two different paths for the thermal decomposition of fluorocarbon surfac

关 键 词：环境工程学 水成膜泡沫 氟碳表面活性剂 热裂解 气体产物 污染特性 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]