戈壁设施蔬菜重金属污染特征及健康风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Dietary Intake Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Facilities Vegetables in Gobi

作　　者：李瑞琴[1] 于安芬[1] 许文艳[1] 徐瑞[1] 徐美蓉[1] 焦洁[1] LI Rui-qin;YU An-fen;XU Wen-yan;XU Rui;XU Mei-rong;JIAO Jie(Animal Husbandy,Pasture and Green Agricultural Institute,Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products(Lanzhou),Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(兰州)/甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2023年第7期10-14,共5页Food and Nutrition in China

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划项目(项目编号:2019GAAS27);甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目(项目编号:GNKJ-2020-30);甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目(项目编号:GNKJ-2021-45)。

摘　　要：目的:了解戈壁设施蔬菜铅、镉、总汞和总砷污染物状况,并评估健康风险,为保障戈壁设施蔬菜绿色生产和食用安全提供依据。方法:采用生产基地随机抽样方法,于2019—2020年在甘肃省河西走廊戈壁设施蔬菜产区采集蔬菜样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜样品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷含量,根据GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》评价蔬菜重金属污染状况,采用目标风险系数法评估摄入蔬菜中重金属的健康风险。结果:共采集141份蔬菜样品,铅、镉和砷含量的中值分别为0.005、0.002、0.007mg/kg,总汞含量均低于检出限。戈壁设施蔬菜铅、镉和总砷含量均未超标,检出率分别为4.26%、23.40%、87.23%。蔬菜重金属污染指数均低于0.6,属于清洁水平。通过膳食途径摄入蔬菜中的重金属风险由高到低依次为总砷、铅、镉,不同种类蔬菜的风险由高到低依次为黄瓜、辣椒、番茄;儿童、中老年和青壮年摄入蔬菜中重金属的风险依次递减。结论:戈壁设施蔬菜中铅、镉、总汞和总砷的含量均未超标,通过膳食途径摄入戈壁设施蔬菜中重金属的健康风险低。Objective To understand the status of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in Gobi facility vegetables,and to assess their health risks,so as to provide evidence for ensuring the green production and food safety of Gobi facility vegetables.Method Vegetable samples were collected from the main vegetable producing area of Gobi facility in Hexi corridor of Gansu province from 2019 to 2020.The contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and As in vegetable samples were determined by HPLC-ICP-MS and Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in vegetables according to GB 2762—2017“National standard for food safety,limits of contaminants in food”.Objective risk factor method was used to assess the health risk of heavy metals in vegetables.Result The median contents of Pb,Cd and As in 141 vegetable samples were 0.005 mg/kg,0.002 mg/kg and 0.007 mg/kg,respectively.The heavy metal pollution index of vegetables is lower than 0.6,which belongs to the clean level.The dietary exposure to heavy metals in vegetables ranged from high to low in the order of total arsenic,lead and cadmium,and decreased in the order of children,middle-aged and young adults.Conclusion The contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and As in the vegetables in Gobi facilities were not over the standard,and the health risk of heavy metals in the vegetables in Gobi facilities was low.

关 键 词：戈壁设施蔬菜 重金属 污染特征 膳食摄入风险评估 

分 类 号：TS255.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] O657[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]