黑龙江省三江平原玉米-大豆轮作模式下田间杂草分布与防除  

Weed Distribution and Control in Corn-soybean Rotation Mode in Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王洪武[1] WANG Hong-wu(Key Laboratory of Major Crop Breeding and Cultivation in Sanjiang Plain,Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang154000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院/三江平原主要作物育种栽培重点实验室,黑龙江佳木斯154000

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2023年第7期88-90,共3页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES05)。

摘　　要：[目的]为了高效防除轮作条件下的农田杂草,该文研究了轮作条件下田间杂草的分布。[方法]通过2年对黑龙江萝北县的2块玉米-大豆、大豆-玉米轮作地块进行跟踪调查。[结果]同一村落不同地块间杂草种类不同,但各地块均是稗草为发生基数最多的杂草,同时发现,大豆地轮作为玉米地,除个别难防杂草外,杂草的发生多数会减轻;玉米地轮作为大豆田,阔叶杂草明显减少,稗草及问荆有所增加,其他杂草变化不大。鸭跖草、藜和问荆均是相对难防的田间杂草。[结论]防治措施如下:首先土壤封闭处理,用二元复配制剂(乙草胺或异丙甲草胺+噻酚磺隆或异辛酯)、或者三元复配制剂(乙草胺或异丙甲草胺+噻酚磺隆+异辛酯)、或者采用乙二嗪复配制剂;其次苗后茎叶处理,大豆田用异噁草松+烯草酮+氟磺胺草醚于大豆2~3片复叶期进行处理,玉米田用烟嘧莠或烟硝莠进行茎叶处理。进一步防除鸭跖草,可用氯酯磺草胺+氟磺胺草醚进行叶面处理。在问荆已出苗、大豆未出苗时用草甘膦防除问荆。[Objective]In order to efficiently control weeds in farmland under rotation conditions,this article studied the distribution of weeds in the field under this condition.[Method]A two-year follow-up survey was conducted on two jade-soybean and bean-yu rotation plots in Luobei County,Heilongjiang province.[Result]The weed species in different plots of the same village were different.Echinochloa crusgalli was the weed with the largest occurrence base in each block.At the same time,it was found that as a corn field which rotated from soybean,except for a few hard to control weeds,the occurrence of weeds could be reduced in most cases.In the soybean field rotated from corn:broad-leaved weeds decreased significantly;E.crusgalli and Equisetum arvense increased;the rest weeds changed little.The study found that Commelina communis,Chenopodium album and E.arvense were relatively difficult to control weeds in the field.[Conclusion]The prevention measures are as follows,First,soil sealing treatment was carried out by using a binary compound preparation(acetochlor or metolachlor+thifensulfuron-methyl or isooctyl ester),or a ternary compound preparation(acetochlor or metolachlor+thifensulfuron-methyl+isooctyl ester),or a compound preparation of diethazine.Second,for stem and leaf treatment after seedling,the soybean field would treat with clomazone+clethodim+fomesafen at 2-3 compound leaf stage of soybean,and the corn field would treat with nicosulfuron+atrazine or nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine.For further control of C.communis,2-Ethoxy-4,6-dichloro pyrimidine+fomesafen could be used for leaf treatment.Glyphosate could be used to control E.arvense when it has emerged and soybean has not emerged.

关 键 词：萝北县 大豆田杂草 玉米田杂草 轮作 防除 

分 类 号：S344.13[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]