上海市15720家工业企业职业病危害现况分析  

Analysis on occupational hazards of 15720 industrial enterprises in Shanghai city

作　　者：窦婷婷 杨凤[1] 瞿菁[1] 刘美霞[1] 郭薇薇[1] 丁文彬[1] 尹艳[1] DOU Tingting;YANG Feng;QU Jing;LIU Meixia;GUO Weiwei;DING Wenbin;YIN Yan(Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2023年第3期212-217,230,共7页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(GWV-10.1-XK11);健康园区建设指南(2022WB11)。

摘　　要：目的 了解上海市工业企业职业病危害现状,为职业病防治工作提供基础依据。方法 使用统一编制的《职业病危害现状调查表》对全市所有符合要求的职业病危害企业进行调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果 上海市15 720家工业企业中,小微企业占92.87%,金属制品业(15.95%)、通用设备制造业(14.59%)和专用设备制造业(8.83%)企业占比较高,存在粉尘、化学因素和噪声危害的企业分别占71.15%、53.49%和82.45%。企业职业病危害因素检测率50.81%,随企业规模减小而降低(趋势χ^(2)=0.438,P<0.05)。企业危害因素检测合格率及场所超标率分别为84.05%和2.89%;其中噪声超标较为严重,超标率为6.74%。家具制造业(6.39%)、造纸和纸制品业(5.41%)、金属制品业(4.92%)总体超标率较高。企业用人单位负责人和职业健康管理人员培训率分别为53.58%、52.80%,随企业规模减小而降低(趋势χ^(2)值分别为0.320、0.334,P<0.05)。结论 上海市应加强对重点行业的职业危害治理,开展重点职业病危害因素如噪声防治技术的专项调查研究;加强对小微企业的职业卫生服务指导和扶持力度;加强职业卫生监督整治工作,提高企业职业病防治的主体责任意识。Objective To understand the current status of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises in Shanghai,and to provide a fundamental basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods All the qualified enterprises were investigated by using unified“Occupational Disease Hazard Status Survey Form”,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results The results showed that in total 15720 industrial enterprises of Shanghai,small-and micro-sized enterprises accounted for 92.87%,with a relatively high proportion in the metal products industry(15.95%),general equipment manufacturing industry(14.59%),and special equipment manufacturing industry(8.83%).Among them,71.15%,53.49%and 82.45%of the enterprises had the dust,chemical factors and noise hazards,respectively.The detection rate of occupational hazard factors in enterprises was 50.81%,which showed a reducing trend with the decrease of enterprise scale(trendχ^(2) value was 0.438,P<0.05).The qualified rate for the detection of occupational hazards and the exceeding rate of workplace standard were 84.05%and 2.89%,respectively.Among them,the exceeding rate of noise was relatively serious with a exceeding rate of 6.74%.The furniture manufacturing industry(6.39%),paper and paper products industry(5.41%),and metal products industry(4.92%)were the leading three industries in the overall exceeding standard rate.The training rates of employers’leaders and occupational health management personnel were 53.58%and 52.80%,respectively,which had a decreasing trend with the decrease of enterprise scale(trendχ^(2) value were 0.320 and 0.334,P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that Shanghai municipal departments should strengthen the management of occupational hazards in key industries,and carry out special investigations and researches on key occupational hazard factors such as noise prevention and control technology;strengthen the guidance and support of occupational health for small and micro enterprises in occupational health;strengthen occupational hea

关 键 词：上海市 工业企业 职业危害 现状调查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]