3个石榴品种越冬抗寒性及生理差异分析  

Analysis of Freezing Tolerances and Physiological Differences of Three Pomegranate Cultivars During the Overwintering

作　　者：唐海霞[1] 杨雪梅[1] 冯立娟[1] 朱峰 周继磊 尹燕雷[1] TANG Haixia;YANG Xuemei;FENG Lijuan;ZHU Feng;ZHOU Jilei;YIN Yanlei(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai'an,Shandong 271000,China;Laiwu District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 271100,China;Shandong Forestry Protection and Development Service Center,Jinan 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]莱芜区农业农村局,济南271100 [3]山东省林业保护和发展服务中心,济南250012

出　　处：《园艺学报》2023年第7期1563-1573,共11页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2021LZGC007,2022TZXD009);山东省果树研究所青年基金项目(2018KY02);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022D02);山东省农业科学院揭榜科技难题项目(SHJB2022-47)。

摘　　要：以石榴品种‘鲁青1号’‘泰山红’和‘突尼斯软籽’的一年生枝条为试材,采用电解质渗出率拟合Logistic方程确定低温半致死温度(LT_(50))评价抗寒性,测定相对含水量、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量,测定过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,结合田间越冬率、枝条植物学特征、冻害胁迫后枝条恢复能力,研究其越冬期间抗寒性及其生理基础。研究发现:3个品种抗寒能力差异显著,‘鲁青1号’抗寒性最强,田间越冬率远高于‘泰山红’和‘突尼斯软籽’,‘突尼斯软籽’抗寒性最差,田间越冬率为0。与‘突尼斯软籽’相比,‘鲁青1号’枝条粗壮,硬,节间相对短;枝刺粗壮,硬;皮孔封闭早且封闭层数多,包被严密;低温处理后生理指标变化幅度相对小,MDA含量较低,可溶性蛋白含量、POD活性较高,能较好地维持其渗透压和氧化还原平衡,使其抗寒能力远大于‘突尼斯软籽’。To study the change of freezing tolerance and its physiological basis of annual shoots of‘Taishanhong’‘Luqing 1’and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’pomegranates during overwintering,the cold hardiness was estimated by the semi-lethal temperature(LT_(50)),which was assessed by electrolyte leakage rate with Logistic quation,the content of relative water,soluble protein,soluble sugar,malondialdehyde(MDA),activities of peroxidase(POD)and superoxidase(SOD),field overwintering rate,botanical characteristics of shoots,and the recovery ability of branches after freezing stress were measured.The results showed that the significant differences in cold resistance among three pomegranate cultivars.The overwintering rate of‘Luqing 1’was much higher than those of‘Taishanhong’and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’,and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’was the worst.Compared with‘Tunisia Soft Seed’,the shoots of‘Luqing 1’were thick,hard,with short internodes,the spiness were also strong and hard.Sealing layers of lenticle were rich and tight.The changes of physiological indexes of‘Luqing 1’were relatively small after low temperature treatment.MDA content was low,soluble proteins content and POD activity were high.The osmotic pressure and redox balance of‘Luqing 1’could be maintained well,so its cold resistance much better than that of‘Tunisan Soft Seed’.

关 键 词：石榴 抗寒性 枝条 半致死温度 形态特征 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]