尿素硝酸铵溶液对玉米产量、养分吸收及潮土氮素积累的影响  

Effects of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Solution on Maize Yield,Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Accumulation in Fluvo-Aquic Soil

作　　者：马荣辉 薄录吉[2] 杨武杰 李德伟 李彦[2] 董亮[2] 郭跃升 付龙云[2] 刘兆辉[2] Ma Ronghui;Bo Luji;Yang Wujie;Li Dewei;Li Yan;Dong Liang;Guo Yuesheng;Fu Longyun;Liu Zhaohui(Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan 250100,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nutrient Resources/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Provincial Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Jinan 250010,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业生态与资源保护总站,山东济南250010

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第7期80-86,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD19001900);泰山学者工程专项;山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(SDNYXTTG-2022-14)。

摘　　要：采用大田试验,设置对照(CK,不施氮肥)、尿素处理(U,纯N 240 kg/hm^(2))、尿素硝酸铵溶液处理(UAN,纯N 240 kg/hm^(2))、80%UAN处理(80%UAN,纯N 192 kg/hm^(2))和80%UAN配施双氰胺处理(80%UAN+DCD,DCD用量为12 kg/hm^(2))共5个处理,研究不同用量UAN对玉米产量、养分吸收及潮土氮素积累的影响。结果表明:U处理和UAN各处理间玉米穗长、行粒数、千粒重和产量无显著差异,但UAN各处理株高均显著高于U处理。U及UAN各处理间玉米总吸氮量无显著差异,但U、UAN处理氮素农学效率、氮素利用率和氮素偏生产力显著低于80%UAN和80%UAN+DCD处理。各处理土壤硝态氮含量表现为U>UAN>80%UAN+DCD>80%UAN。UAN处理土壤铵态氮含量明显高于其他施氮处理,80%UAN+DCD处理土壤铵态氮含量高于80%UAN处理。各施氮处理土壤铵态氮积累量为0.10~0.73 kg/hm^(2),UAN处理积累量最高,80%UAN+DCD处理最低;各施氮处理土壤硝态氮积累量为5.70~9.19 kg/hm^(2),U处理积累量最高,80%UAN处理最低。等氮量投入条件下,氮肥形态对玉米产量及构成因素、氮素农学效率、氮素利用率和氮素偏生产力无显著影响;80%UAN及添加DCD可显著提高氮素农学效率、氮素利用率和氮素偏生产力。UAN减量及配施DCD可降低土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的迁移积累。综合农学和环境效应来看,在本试验条件下,UAN减量20%配施DCD是一种较为科学合理的施肥管理方式。Five fertilization treatments,which were control(CK),urea treatment(U,pure N dosage as 240 kg/hm^(2)),urea-ammonium nitrate solution treatment(UAN,pure N dosage as 240 kg/hm^(2)),80%UAN treatment(80%UAN,pure N dosage as 192 kg/hm^(2))and 80%UAN treatment combined with dicyandiamide(80%UAN+DCD,DCD dosage as 12 kg/hm^(2)),were set to study the effects of different UAN application rates on yield,nutrient uptake and nitrogen accumulation in fluvo-aquic soil.The results showed that there were no significant differences in ear length,row number,thousand-grain weight and yield between U and UAN treatments,but the plant height of maize treated with UAN was significantly higher than that of U treat-ment.There was no significant difference in total nitrogen uptake between U and UAN treatments.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of U and UAN treatments were significantly lower than those of 80%UAN and 80%UAN+DCD treatments.The order of nitrate nitrogen content in soil was U treatment>UAN treatment>80%UAN+DCD treatment>80%UAN treatment.The ammonium nitrogen content in soil treated with UAN was higher than that of the other nitrogen application treatments,and the ammonium nitrogen content treated with 80%UAN+DCD was higher than that of 80%UAN treatment.The accumulation amount of ammonium nitrogen in soil under each nitrogen application treatment was 0.10~0.73 kg/hm^(2)with the highest accumulation under UAN treatment and the lowest under 80%UAN+DCD treatment.The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil of the nitrogen application treatments was 5.70~9.19 kg/hm^(2),and the accumulation of U treatment was the highest,while that of 80%UAN treatment was the lowest.Under the condition of equal nitrogen,N form had no significant effects on maize yield and its components,nitrogen ag-ronomic efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity;80%UAN and 80%UAN+DCD treatments significantly improved the nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency,and nit

关 键 词：尿素硝酸铵溶液 双氰胺 硝态氮 玉米 氮素利用率 氮素积累量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] S143.12