黄河小浪底水库防洪减淤作用与效益跟踪分析  

Effect and Benefit Tracking Analysis of Flood Control and Sediment Reduction in Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River

作　　者：安新代 AN Xindai(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin,Ministry of Water Resources(Under Construction),Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第8期37-42,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2243237)。

摘　　要：小浪底水库投入运行以来发挥了巨大的防洪、减淤、兴利等作用。系统分析小浪底水库防洪运用情况和作用,基于水库和下游河道泥沙冲淤分析提出水库减淤作用,计算水库防洪减淤效益。结果表明:小浪底水库与中游水库群联合运用,共拦洪削峰15场次,花园口站平均削峰率36%,最大削峰流量7 560 m^(3)/s,有效避免了下游滩区淹没损失;黄河来沙量减少,水库淤积速度小于设计阶段的,水库对下游河道的拦沙减淤比(1.26)小于设计拦沙期的(1.57),减淤效果较优,尤其在艾山以下河段发挥了较好的减淤效果;按照2020年价格水平,水库实际防洪、防凌、减淤效益年值比设计值多59.27亿元,累计效益现值较工程全部投资(含发电分摊投资)多218.73亿元,表明了黄河水沙调节骨干工程建设的经济合理性,为推动古贤等重大水利工程建设提供了成功范例。Xiaolangdi Reservoir has played a great role in flood control,sediment reduction and profit improvement.This paper systematically analyzed the flood control operation and the function of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.By analyzing the sediment erosion and sedimentation of the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River,the effect of sediment reduction of the reservoir was proposed.The benefit of flood control and sediment reduction of the reservoir was calculated.The results show that the reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River can block the flood and cut the peak for 15 times.The average peak cutting rate of Huayuankou Station is 36%,and the maximum peak cutting flow is 7560 m^(3)/s,which can effectively avoid the flood losses in the downstream beach area.Due to the decrease of sediment load,the sedimentation rate of the reservoir is lower than that in the design stage,and the sediment retention ratio of 1.26 relative to the downstream channel is lower than that of 1.57 in the design sediment retention stage.The sediment reduction effect of the reservoir is better,especially in the reach below the Ais⁃han.According to the 2020 price level,the actual annual benefits of flood control(ice⁃run prevention)and sediment reduction of the reser⁃voir are 5.927 billion Yuan more than the design value,and the cumulative present value of benefits is 21.873 billion Yuan more than the to⁃tal investment(including power generation),indicating the economic rationality of the construction of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation backbone project,which provides a successful example for accelerating the construction of Guxian project.

关 键 词：防洪 减淤 效益分析 小浪底水库 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1