黄河下游典型断面水力几何关系对水沙变化的响应过程研究  

Study on the Response Process of Hydraulic Geometry Relationship to Water⁃Sediment Variation in the Typical Cross⁃Sections of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：刘德荣 张凯瑞 LIU Derong;ZHANG Kairui(Qinghai Yanhe Construction Engineering Survey and Design Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810000,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]青海堰河建设工程勘测设计咨询有限公司,青海西宁810000 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第8期59-63,78,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879107)。

摘　　要：流域水沙要素的变化会使下游河道水力几何关系发生自适应调整。为探明黄河下游河道典型断面水力几何关系对水沙变化的响应过程,基于黄河下游典型断面1965—2015年水沙资料和断面数据,识别来沙系数的突变情况并据此划分研究时段,对比分析不同时段各河段水力几何关系的变化。结果表明:黄河下游来沙系数在1985年和2000年前后发生突变,呈平稳波动—增大—减小的趋势,河道由淤积变为冲刷;来沙系数减小后,花园口、高村、泺口断面形态对水沙变化响应的滞后时间延长,分别由2、5、4 a增加为4、6、6 a;花园口和高村断面形态演变受水沙条件影响的程度在来沙系数减小后显著提高,而泺口断面则有所减小。Variations of upstream water⁃sediment input will cause the hydraulic geometric relationship of alluvial rivers automatic adjustment.To investigate the response process of hydraulic geometric relationship to the water⁃sediment variation,based on the water⁃sediment and measured topographic data of the typical sections in the lower Yellow River from 1965 to 2015,the mutations of incoming sediment coefficient were identified,and the study periods were divided accordingly,then the adjustments of hydraulic geometric relationship of each reach in dif⁃ferent periods were analyzed.The results show that the incoming sediment coefficients are suddenly changed around 1985 and 2000,with a trend of stable fluctuation,increase and decrease,making the channel change from siltation to scouring.After the decrease of the incoming sediment coefficient,the lag time of riverbed evolution response to the water⁃sediment variation at the Huayuankou,Gaocun and Luokou sta⁃tions are increased from 2,5 and 4 years to 4,6 and 6 years,respectively.The extent to which the riverbed evolution of Huayuankou and Gaocun stations is affected by the water⁃sediment conditions is increased significantly after the incoming sediment coefficient decreased,while that of Luokou Station is decreased to a certain extent.

关 键 词：水力几何关系 水沙变化 来沙系数 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1