不同调控措施对热敏感型玉米花期高温热害的缓解作用  

Alleviating Effecst of Different Control Measures on High Temperature and Heat Damage of Heat-Sensitive Maize at Flowering Stage

作　　者：王会强 王会涛 袁刘正 朱世蝶 柳家友 袁曼曼 WANG Huiqiang;WANG Huitao;YUAN Liuzheng;ZHU Shidie;LIU Jiayou;YUAN Manman(Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Maize Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering Research Center of Henan Province,Luohe,Henan 462000,China)

机构地区：[1]漯河市农业科学院/河南省玉米防灾减灾工程技术研究中心,河南漯河462000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第8期6-9,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系项目(nycytx-02)。

摘　　要：为了探明不同调控措施对热敏感型玉米花期高温热害的缓解作用,寻找缓解夏玉米花期高温胁迫的合适途径,选用热敏感型玉米品种‘登海605’为试验材料,设置了高温(CK)、高温灌水(T1)、高温喷施叶面肥(T2)、高温喷施芸薹素内酯(T3)、高温‘登海605’与‘伟科702’混作(T4)共5个处理,调查不同调控措施对玉米花期高温胁迫下玉米株高、穗位高、穗位叶叶绿素含量、花丝长度和产量、相关性状的影响。结果表明:玉米花期高温胁迫下灌水能够降低果穗秃尖长度,增加果穗穗行数和行粒数,提高百粒质量和结实率,产量比对照增加28.38%;喷施叶面肥、芸薹素内酯都能够增加穗行数,提高结实率,产量比对照分别增加6.96%、5.96%;‘登海605’与‘伟科702’混作能够降低秃尖长,增加百粒质量,提高结实率,产量比对照增加8.34%。各处理效果:灌水>混作>喷施叶面肥>喷施芸薹素内酯。灌水是缓解花期高温热害对热敏感型玉米产生不利影响的最有效措施,而在水资源缺乏的地区可采取耐热性互补的品种混作、喷施叶面肥和喷施芸薹素内酯的措施。In order to explore the mitigation effect of different control measures on high temperature and heat damage during the flowering period of heat-sensitive maize and find an effective way to alleviate the high temperature stress in summer maize flowering period,the heat-sensitive maize variety'Denghai 605'was selected as the experimental material.A total of five treatments were set up,including high temperature(CK),high temperature irrigation(T1),high temperature spraying of leaf fertilizer(T2),high temperature spraying of brassinolide(T3),high temperature'Denghai 605'and'Weike 702'mixed cropping(T4).The effects of different control measures on plant height,ear height,chlorophyll content of ear leaf,filament length,yield and related characters of maize under high temperature stress at flowering stage were investigated.The results showed that irrigation under high temperature stress at flowering stage of maize could reduce the length of ear bald tip,increase the number of ear rows,kernels per row,the 100-grain weight and seed setting rate,and increase the yield by 28.38%compared with the control.Spraying foliar fertilizer and brassinolide could increase the number of rows per ear and seed setting rate,resulting in a yield increase of 6.96%and 5.96%respectively compared with the control.The mixed cropping of'Denghai 605'and'Weike 702'could reduce the bald tip length,increase the 100-grain weight and seed setting rate,and increase yield by 8.34%compared with the control.The treatment effects are as follows:irrigation>intercropping>spraying foliar fertilizer>spraying brassinolide.It can be seen that irrigation treatment is the most effective measure to alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature and heat damage on heat-sensitive maize at flowering stage,while in areas where water resources are scarce,measures such as mixed cropping of varieties with complementary heat resistance,spraying foliar fertilizer and spraying brassinolide can be taken.

关 键 词：玉米 调控措施 花期高温 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]