有机肥施用对农田土壤氮素累积和淋失的整合分析  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Leaching and Accumulation in Farmland Soil Based on Meta-analysis

作　　者：郑甜 史晓婧 康凌云 李顺江[1] 杜连凤[1] 刘静 ZHENG Tian;SHI Xiaojing;KANG Lingyun;LI Shunjiang;DU Lianfeng;LIU Jing(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qixia County,Yantai,Shandong 265300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [2]山东省栖霞市农业农村局,山东烟台265300

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第8期77-84,共8页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(8202020);北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ202219);农业环境监测与污染防治团队科技能力提升(ZHS202303)。

摘　　要：分析有机肥施用对农田土壤氮素累积和淋失的影响,旨在为科学评估有机肥的生态环境效应提供基础。以“有机肥”“农田”和“氮”为关键词,在中国知网和“Web of Science”数据库检索2000—2022年期间发表的文献,筛选出符合要求的文献30篇,获得数据116组。以单施化肥为对照,利用整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法揭示有机肥施用对农田土壤氮素累积和淋失的影响,明确有机肥氮投入量、有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例等因素的综合效应。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,有机肥氮替代化肥氮可以显著降低农田土壤淋溶液中硝态氮和可溶性总氮浓度,有效阻控土壤氮素淋失;同时,有机肥施用能显著增加土壤全氮和微生物量氮含量以及提高土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌等微生物群落的数量,起到培肥土壤、改善微生物群落结果的作用;有机肥施用对作物产量有显著影响。当有机肥氮替代化肥氮百分比控制在20%~50%时,可以有效控制土壤氮素淋失,并保证作物产量。综上可知,有机肥施用显著影响土壤氮素累积和淋失,但有机肥氮替代化肥氮百分比等因素对土壤氮素累积和淋失的影响还需深入探讨。Effects and key influencing factors of organic fertilizer application on nitrogen leaching and accumulation were analyzed,in order to provide technical parameters for scientific assessment of the ecological and environmental effects of organic fertilizers.The data were obtained by searching from the published papers in"CNKI"and"Web of Science"database from 2000 to 2022,using"Organic fertilizer","Farmland"and"Nitrogen"etc.as the main keywords.According to the requirement of meta-analysis,there were 116 sets of data for nitrogen contents in soil from 30 literatures.The effect value of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer was defined as the response ratio of organic fertilizer treatment over chemical fertilizer treatment within a same trial,and Meta-analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the contribution of each factor on organic fertilizer substantiation effects.Compared with chemical fertilizer,the replacement of organic fertilizer can significantly reduce the concentration of nitrate and total soluble nitrogen in soil leaching solution,and effectively prevent and control the leaching loss of soil nitrogen,the application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of total nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen,increase the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and improve the soil fertility.However,the application of organic fertilizer has a significant impact on crop yield.When the ratio of organic fertilizer nitrogen to chemical fertilizer nitrogen is controlled at 20%-50%,the leaching loss of soil nitrogen can be effectively controlled and crop yield can be guaranteed.In conclusion,organic fertilizer can significantly effect nitrogen leaching and accumulation in farmland soil.However,the impact of factors such as the percentage of nitrogen substitution by organic fertilizers for synthetic fertilizers on soil nitrogen accumulation and leaching still needs further investigation.

关 键 词：Meta分析 有机肥 土壤 淋溶水 氮含量 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]