有轨电车弹性车轮降噪板的设计及性能分析  

Design and Performance Analysis of Noise Reduction Plates for Tramcar Elastic Wheels

作　　者：常乐 周信 圣小珍 郑沥昕 朱逸伦 CHANG Le;ZHOU Xin;SHENG Xiaozhen;ZHENG Lixin;ZHU Yilun(School of Urban Rail Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2023年第4期200-207,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：为降低有轨电车弹性车轮噪声,设计一款弹性车轮用降噪板。首先,使用ANSYS有限元软件对弹性车轮动态特性进行仿真分析,得到其模态参数并确定四种降噪板设计方案。然后通过仿真选出最佳方案,制作实物,并在半消声室进行对比试验。实验室条件落球激励下,主要关注模态(0,3)的阻尼比增幅达到233%,激励点的振动加速度级减少3.4 dB,模态辐射噪声减少3.5 dB(A);降噪板对径向模态的平均降噪值达到2 dB(A),对轴向模态的平均降噪值达到9.66 dB(A)。研究结果表明:阻尼层厚度为1.5 mm、约束层厚度为1 mm的交错约束阻尼结构的降噪板有着最好的减振效果,该降噪板对弹性车轮的轴向模态的振动和声辐射有着明显的抑制作用,预计能有效降低有轨电车的曲线啸叫。In order to reduce the noise of tramcar elastic wheels,a noise reduction plate for elastic wheel is designed.Firstly,the dynamic characteristics of the elastic wheel are simulated by ANSYS finite elements software,its modal parameters are obtained and four kinds of noise reduction plate design schemes are determined.Then,the best scheme is selected through simulation.The real plate objects are made,and the comparative test is carried out in a semi-anechoic chamber.Under falling-ball excitation in laboratory,it is found that the damping ratio of the main mode(0,3)is increased by 233%,the vibration acceleration level of the incentive point is reduced by 3.4 dB,and the modal radiated noise is reduced by 3.5 dB(A).The average denoising value of the denoising board is 2 dB(A)for radial mode and 9.66 dB(A)for axial mode.The results show that the noise reduction plate of staggered constraint damping structure with thickness of damping layer 1.5 mm and restraint layer 1mm has the best vibration reduction effect,and the noise reduction plate has obvious suppression effect on vibration and sound radiation of the axial mode of the elastic wheel.It is expected that this denoising plate can effectively reduce the whistling noise of the tramcar running on curved line.

关 键 词：声学 降噪板 有限元仿真 约束阻尼结构 模态噪声 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]