西南少数民族利用本土知识应对外来生物入侵研究——以贵州麻山苗族与黄岗侗族为例  

The Application of Indigenous Knowledge to Cope with the Invasion of Alien Organisms by the Minorities in Southwest China

作　　者：杨成[1] 翁建平 YANG Cheng;WENG Jian-ping(Guizhou MinZu University,Guizhou,Guiyang 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《怀化学院学报》2023年第3期46-51,共6页Journal of Huaihua University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“西南少数民族传统生态文化的文献采辑、研究与利用”(16ZDA156,16ZDA157)。

摘　　要：防治外来生物入侵是世界性生态难题。目前世界上采用的防治方法主要有四种:生物防治、物理防治、化学防治、综合防治。但这四种防治方法其效果并不是很理想,全球外来生物入侵现象日趋严重。为寻找新的有效防治方法,文章通过麻山苗族应对世界性恶草——紫茎泽兰和黄岗侗族应对水葫芦入侵的成功经验与技术分析,并利用生态民族学相关理论,探讨了民族文化对新生物从认识到适应、再到重构的变迁过程。研究发现,这一过程能够有效地应对生物风险和化解生物入侵对两个民族社区造成的危害和影响。西南少数民族利用本土知识应对外来生物入侵的经验、教训与技术,为世界防治外来生物入侵提供了防治新思路和技术途径,为解决世界性生态难题提供个案参考。Preventing and controlling the invasion of foreign organisms is a global ecological challenge.At present,there are four main prevention methods:Biological pest control,physical prevention,chemical prevention and comprehensive prevention.However,the effectiveness of these four prevention and control methods is not ideal,leading to increasingly serious global invasion of alien organisms.In order to find new effective prevention and control methods,this paper analyzes the successful experience and technology of the Miao people in Mashan to deal with the invasion of Ageratina adenophora and the Dong people in Huanggang to deal with the invasion of water hyacinth,and uses the relevant theories of ecological Ethnology to explore the transformation process of national culture from recognition to adaptation and then to reconstruction of new organisms.Research has found that this process can effectively address biological risks and mitigate the harm and impact of biological invasion on two ethnic communities.The experiences and technologies of Southwest ethnic minorities in utilizing local knowledge to respond to foreign biological invasions have opened up new ideas and technological avenues for the world's prevention and control of foreign biological invasions,and provided case references for solving global ecological problems.

关 键 词：本土知识 文化变迁 生物入侵 防治新思路 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]