分步法分解硫化氢制氢和硫黄催化剂研究进展  

Research progress of catalysts for two-step hydrogen sulfide decomposition to produce hydrogen and sulfur

作　　者：于姗 段元刚[1,2] 张怡欣 唐春 付梦瑶 黄靖元[2] 周莹 YU Shan;DUAN Yuangang;ZHANG Yixin;TANG Chun;FU Mengyao;HUANG Jinyuan;ZHOU Ying(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China;School of New Energy and Materials,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610500 [2]西南石油大学新能源与材料学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第7期3780-3790,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22211530070,22178291,22002123);2021年成都市鼓励校地校企合作培养产业发展人才项目。

摘　　要：硫化氢(H_(2)S)不仅是一种剧毒且高腐蚀性气体,更是蕴含丰富氢能和硫元素的宝贵资源。在国家能源战略需求和双碳目标下,实现天然气藏中H_(2)S的低碳高值利用是天然气开发的必然发展趋势。分步法是一种可在较低温度区间将H_(2)S高值转化为H_(2)和硫黄的方法,具有H_(2)S分解效率高、能耗低的优点,但存在循环效率差、硫黄回收困难、反应过程机理认识浅薄等问题。为了深入了解分步法分解H_(2)S的研究现状和面临问题,本文主要综述了分步法的反应原理、发展历程、活性催化剂的研究进展,重点概述了金属硫化物和金属这两类催化剂的活性测试结果及具体反应过程,并对分步法分解H_(2)S所面临的关键问题进行了总结与展望。本文指出分步法最大问题在于催化剂硫化产氢和分解脱硫过程机理尚不明晰,使得催化剂的优化设计缺乏指导,从而导致分步法循环效率低。未来应当借助更多原位表征技术和理论模拟计算认识转化过程机理,同时加强相关实验设计以衡量不同催化剂优劣,开发出适用于分步法高效循环过程的催化剂。Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a highly toxic and corrosive gas,but it is also a rich resource of hydrogen and sulfur.Under the national energy demand and dual carbon goals,realizing the low-carbon and high-value utilization of H_(2)S in high-sulfur gas reservoirs becomes an important development trend of H_(2)S treatment.The two-step decomposition of H_(2)S could convert H_(2)S into high-valued hydrogen and sulfur efficiently at relatively low temperature.So,it has the advantages of high decomposition efficiency and low energy consumption.But the problems of poor circulation efficiency,difficulties in sulfur recycling,and unclear reaction mechanism still exist.To better understand the research status and problems of the two-step decomposition method,this paper reviewed the reaction principle and development history of two-step decomposition of H_(2)S,as well as the latest advances of relevant catalysts.In special,the activity and reaction process of metal sulfide and metal catalysts were summarized.Finally,the key problems of blind design of catalysts and hence inefficient decomposition of H_(2)S due to the unclear mechanism were pointed out.In the future,more in-situ characterization and theoretical calculations may be used to explore the mechanism,and relevant catalytic activity experiments should be carefully designed for rational comparison of different catalysts.This would help to develop efficient catalysts for the two-step decomposition of H_(2)S.

关 键 词：硫化氢 分步法 高值利用 氢 催化剂 活性 

分 类 号：TH3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]