汉语本体论研究——中西方语言哲学的存在范畴观  

A Study on Chinese Ontology——The Concept of Existence Category in the Philosophy of Chinese and Western Languages

作　　者：陈伟 Chen Wei(School of Humanities and Communication,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学人文与传播学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2023年第8期115-121,160,共8页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“现代汉语句法语义的不对称研究”(批准号:QR202207);浙江省省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“人工智能背景下语用推理研究”(批准号:XR202209)。

摘　　要：通过对中西方语言哲理的考察,汉语典型存在范畴“有”“无”分为体词性和谓词性两类用法,分别对应形而上之“道”与形而下之“器”。“道器合一”和“体用不二”的理念已经根植于汉民族的传统思维模式之中,加之“有”“无”的体词性和谓词性两类用法又已同时沿用数千年,两类存在范畴容易混淆,因此对于中国语言哲学“有无”存在问题的争辩由来已久。中国的言语构造与西方的言语构造不同,对于本体论的探讨应以汉语“根本的本体”为基准。汉语典型存在范畴与中国哲学存在范畴相通且相融,前者是后者的表现,后者是前者的根基,后者可以通过前者得以证实,前者可以通过后者找到根据。Linguistic phenomena and grammatical forms are the externalized representations of traditional national thinking modes.A thorough study and a glimpse into the philosophical mechanism can help to form a new and more comprehensive understanding of traditional linguistic phenomena,especially Chinese and Western thinking modes.Based on the investigation of Chinese and Western philosophy,this paper divides the typical categories of Chinese existence“you(有)”and“wu(无)”into two categories:nominal usage and predicate usage,corresponding to the metaphysical“Tao”and“Qi”respectively.The concepts of“Integration of Dao and Qi”and“the unity of Ti Yong”have been rooted in Chinese traditional thinking mode.In addition,the two usages of“you(有)”and“wu(无)”have been used simultaneously for thousands of years,and the two categories of existence are easily confused.Therefore,the debate on the existence of“you(有)”and“wu(无)”of Chinese philosophy has a long history.The construction of Chinese ontology is different from that of Western,so the discussion of ontology should be based on the“fundamental ontology”of Chinese.Chinese typical existential category is the same and integrated with Chinese philosophical category,the former is the expression of the latter,the latter is the foundation of the former,the latter can be verified by the former,and the former can find the basis through the latter.

关 键 词：有 无 本体论 存在范畴 语言哲学 

分 类 号：H1-0[语言文字—汉语]