“双碳”目标下航空碳排放国际规则的中国因应  

China's Response of International Rules on Aviation Carbon Emissions under the"Carbon Neutralization and Carbon Peaking"Goal

作　　者：高志宏[1] Gao Zhihong(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 211106)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《政法论丛》2023年第4期115-126,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目《慈善组织的治理和监督机制研究》(20&ZD183)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“双碳”目标是我国向世界传递的中国致力应对气候变化和推动构建人类命运共同体的强力信号,体现了中国作为负责任的发展中国家的历史担当,对此需要法理上予以回应和制度上予以保障。在航空领域,我国面临着“双碳”战略目标、欧盟航空碳排放税和承担更大国际责任三重压力。从航空碳排放全球治理来看有三大启示:国际统一规则缺失是客观现实,征收航空碳排放税是必然趋势,构建航空碳排放市场交易机制是应然选择。对中国而言,一方面要驳斥欧盟航空碳排放交易指令的合法性,尝试通过提起诉讼或诉诸WTO争端解决机制维护自身合法权益;另一方面要采取“积极引领,有限担当”立场,坚持在国际民航组织主导下遵循“共同但有区别责任”和循序渐进原则推动航空碳排放交易国际规则体系的构建;再一方面要从宏观、中观和微观三个层面,确立应对气候变化的基本思路和实现“双碳”目标的法治模式,创新优化国内航空碳排放交易制度。The"Carbon Neutralization and Carbon Peaking"goal is a strong signal that China is committed to addressing climate change and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind,which is transmitted to the world by China.It reflects China's historical responsibility as a responsible developing country,which requires legal response and institutional guarantee.In the field of aviation,China is faced with the triple pressure of"double carbon"strategic goal,EU aviation carbon emission tax and greater international responsibility.From the perspective of global governance of aviation carbon emissions,there are three major implications:the lack of international uniform rules is an objective reality,and the imposition of aviation carbon emissions tax is an inevitable trend,and the establishment of aviation carbon emissions market trading mechanism is the right choice.For China,on the one hand,it should refute the legitimacy of the EU's aviation carbon emissions trading directive,and try to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests by filing a lawsuit or resorting to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism;On the other hand,we should take the position of"active guidance and limited responsibility"and adhere to the principle of"common but differentiated responsibilities"and gradual progress under the guidance of ICAO to promote the construction of the international rules system for aviation carbon emissions trading;On the other hand,from the macro,medium and micro levels,it is necessary to establish the basic thinking to deal with climate change and the rule of law model to achieve the"double carbon"goal,and innovate and optimize the domestic aviation carbon emissions trading system.

关 键 词：“双碳” 国际民航组织 欧盟航空碳排放交易体系 “共同但有区别责任”原则 碳排放权 

分 类 号：DF969[政治法律—国际法学]