贵金属矿采选业粉尘职业危害风险评估技术应用  

Application of dust occupational hazard risk assessment models in precious metal mining and beneficiation industry

作　　者：候刚 石婷 王永伟 HOU Gang;SHI Ting;WANG Yong-wei(Occupational Health Evaluation Department,Sichuan Zhongjian Environmental Testing Services Company Limited.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610052,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]四川中坚环境监测服务有限公司职业卫生评价部,四川成都610052 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院) [3]四川省职业卫生应急(甲级)重点实验室 [4]四川大学华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院卫生应急管理研究中心

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2023年第3期289-292,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的探讨贵金属矿采选粉尘4种职业危害风险评估模型应用评估,为该行业粉尘危害风险评估提供方法依据。方法以四川省3家典型贵金属矿采选企业的12个接尘岗位为评估对象,通过职业卫生调查、粉尘检测与评价,运用改良后定量分级法、综合指数法、ICMM定量法、职业危害风险指数法,对比分析接尘岗位粉尘职业健康危害风险及方法应用比对。结果接尘岗位4种职业健康危害风险分别为:①改良后定量分级法:风险等级范围为0~Ⅲ级,以Ⅰ级为主(岗位数:9个,占75.0%);②综合指数法:风险等级主要为中等风险(岗位数:8个,占66.7%)和高风险(岗位数:4个,占33.3%);③ICMM定量法:风险等级主要为高风险(岗位数:5个,占41.7%)和不可容忍风险(岗位数:7个,占58.3%);④职业危害风险指数法:风险等级以中度危害(岗位数:6个,占比50.0%)为主。4种风险评估方法比对分析显示,改良后定量分级法和定量法一致性较好(Z=1.000,P>0.05),且可信度与稳定性好(rs=0.798,P<0.001),其他评估方法间存在不稳定性(Z=-4.064,P<0.001)。结论当可获得粉尘性质和体力劳动强度时,贵金属矿采选业粉尘职业危害风险评估应选用改良后定量分级法进行风险评估;现场评估人员职业卫生丰富经验时,可选用ICMM定量法。Objective To provide a method basis for establishing risk assessment of key occupational hazards in precious metal mining and beneficiation industry,this paper applies four risk assessment models to assess the occupational health hazards of dust.Methods 12 dust exposure positions were selected as the research objects from three typical precious metal mining and beneficiation industries in Sichuan Province.Dust exposure and protection data through occupational health sites were investigated and tested.Four risk assessment models of dust hazards were carried out:improved quantitative grading method,comprehensive index method,ICMM quantitative method and occupational hazard risk index method.Results The four occupational health hazard risks of dust exposure posts were as follows:1.Improved quantitative classification method:the risk level range was 0-Ⅲ,mainly grade I(number of posts:9,75.0%);2.Comprehensive index method:there were mainly two levels:medium risk(number of posts:8,66.7%)and high risk(number of posts:4,33.3%);3.ICMM quantitative method:among the five risk levels,there were mainly two levels:high risk(number of posts:5,41.7%)and intolerable risk(number of posts:7,58.3%);4.Occupational hazard risk index method:moderate hazards(number of posts:6,50.0%)were the main ones,separately.Not only the improved quantitative classification method and quantitative method were in good consistence(Z=1.000,P>0.05),but the reliability and stability of the methods were mutually veri⁃fied(Z=-4.064,P<0.001).Conclusion When the nature of dust and physical labor intensity can be obtained,the im⁃proved quantitative classification method should be used for risk assessment of dust occupational hazards in precious metal mining and beneficiation industry;When the on-site assessors are experienced with occupational health knowledge,the IC⁃MM quantitative method can be selected.

关 键 词：风险评估 贵金属矿采选业 粉尘暴露 职业健康 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]