洛阳市3276家制造业企业职业病危害申报与防治情况调查  

Investigation on occupational hazard declaration and prevention of 3276 manufacturing enterprises in Luoyang City

作　　者：霍俊章[1] 吴志伟[1] 高云云 HUO Jun-zhang;WU Zhi-wei;GAO Yun-yun(Occupational Disease Control and Prevention Institute,Luoyang Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Luoyang,Henan 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳市疾病预防控制中心职业病预防控制所,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2023年第3期310-313,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的了解洛阳市制造业企业职业病危害申报与防治情况,为职业病防治工作提供建议。方法2020年通过采用统一编制的问卷入厂调查,收集2018—2020年洛阳市辖区内正常生产的制造业企业的职业病危害申报及防治情况信息。结果不同规模企业负责人培训率、职业卫生管理人员培训率、劳动者培训率、职业病危害申报率、2018—2020年企业职业病危害因素检测率及职业健康检查开展率间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=250.151、268.659、16078.203、248.701、347.189、372.894,均P<0.05),上述各率随企业规模由大到小呈降低趋势。不同规模企业粉尘检测点、粉尘岗位超标率、化学毒物检测点超标率、噪声检测点超标率、噪声检测岗位超标率、粉尘体检异常率、化学毒物体检异常率、噪声体检异常率间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=61.639、25.117、13.705、57.746、9.360、35.445、43.318、50.016,均P<0.05)。结论洛阳市制造业企业职业病危害因素主要是粉尘、噪声和化学毒物,主要分布于小微型企业,应提升其职业卫生管理水平。大中型企业由于体量较大,从业者众多,其职业病防治工作也不能松懈。Objective To provide suggestions for occupational disease prevention,this paper aims to investigate the decla⁃ration and prevention of occupational hazards in manufacturing enterprises in Luoyang.Methods The information of occu⁃pational hazards declaration and prevention and control was collected by questionnaire in 3276 manufacturing enterprises.Results The differences were statistically significant in training rate of enterprise heads,training rate of occupational health managers,training rate of the laborers,occupational disease hazard declaration rate,coincidence rate of the protection facil⁃ities,coincidence rate of the protective equipment,setting rate of occupational-disease-inductive warning label and warn⁃ing description,occupational hazard detection rate and physical examination rate from 2018 to 2020(χ^(2)=250.151,268.659,16078.203,248.701,347.189,372.894,all P<0.05).The above rates decrease with the scale of enterprises.There were significant differences among dust detection point/post standard-exceeding rate,chemical poison detection point standard-exceeding rate and noise detection point post/post standard-exceeding rate,abnormal dust physical examination rate,abnormal chemical poison physical examination rate and abnormal noise physical examination rate(allχ^(2)=61.639,25.117,13.705,57.746,9.360,35.445,43.318,50.016,all P<0.05).Conclusion The main factors of occupational haz⁃ards in manufacturing enterprises in Luoyang are dust,noise and chemical poisons,which are mainly distributed in small and micro enterprises.The occupational health management level should be improved.Due to the large size of large enterpri⁃ses,numerous practitioners,their occupational disease prevention work should be maintained.

关 键 词：职业病危害分布 制造业 职业病危害申报率 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]