鄱阳湖长江江豚的微卫星遗传多样性及发展预测  

MICROSATELLITE GENETIC DIVERSITY EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PREDICTION OF THE YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE POPULATION IN THE POYANG LAKE

作　　者：王仁勇 陈敏敏 万晓玲[1] 唐斌 郝玉江[1,4] 梅志刚 范飞[1,4] 王克雄 王丁 郑劲松[1,4] WANG Ren-Yong;CHEN Min-Min;WAN Xiao-Ling;TANG Bin;HAO Yu-Jiang;MEI Zhi-Gang;FAN Fei;WANG Ke-Xiong;WANG Ding;ZHENG Jin-Song(The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;The Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province,College of Life Science,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,China;National Aquatic Biological Resource Center,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]安庆师范大学生命科学学院,水生生物保护与水生态修复安徽省高等学校工程技术研究中心,安庆246133 [4]国家水生生物种质资源库,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第10期1693-1700,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31870372);中国科学院科技服务网络计划;国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200300);江西省水利科技计划重点项目(202124ZDKT26)资助。

摘　　要：为了科学评估鄱阳湖长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)的遗传多样性并预测其发展趋势,研究基于124头活体长江江豚的血液样本及42头搁浅死亡长江江豚的组织样本,利用微卫星遗传标记对该种群的遗传多样性进行了评估,并利用BottleSim软件对该种群遗传多样性的发展趋势进行了模拟预测。研究结果显示,鄱阳湖长江江豚种群10个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数(Na)为5.80、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.653、期望杂合度(He)为0.664,表现出中等程度的核DNA遗传多样性;在剔除死亡个体后,平均等位基因数下降至5.50,并且死亡个体在3个微卫星位点上具有3个稀有等位基因,表明非正常死亡将导致鄱阳湖种群遗传多样性下降。此外,模拟结果表明,如果保持当前有效种群(Ne=62)和雌雄性比(0.87:1),鄱阳湖长江江豚种群的遗传多样性将快速下降;而要实现100年内保存90%以上遗传多样性的目标,则其有效种群至少需要200头或者实际种群数量超过1000头。研究结果对于鄱阳湖长江江豚种群及整个物种的遗传多样性保护具有重要指导意义。The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis;YFP)is now critically endangered,calling for prompt and effective actions to strengthen research and conservation.The Poyang Lake is the most critical habitat of the YFP,holding almost half of the whole wild population of this species.And thus,this population is vital for the conservation of this critically endangered species.In this study,to evaluate the genetic diversity of the porpoise population living in the Poyang Lake and to predict its development in the future,both blood samples from live YFPs(124 individuals)and tissue samples from 42 stranded YFPs have been analyzed by using 10 microsatellite genetic markers.Results indicated that the Poyang Lake porpoise population has a moderate level of genetic diversity,with an average allele number of 5.80,an average observed heterozygosity(Ho)of 0.653,and an expected heterozygosity(He)of 0.664.Meanwhile,when samples from stranded porpoises were excluded,the mean number of alleles decreased to 5.50;three unique and rare alleles at three microsatellite loci were found exclusively among stranded porpoises,indicating that abnormal deaths caused by anthropogenic reasons might lead to genetic diversity loss of this population in the Poyang Lake.Besides,the software BottleSim V2.6 was applied to simulate the developing process of genetic diversity in this population.Simulations results showed that genetic diversity would decline quickly if kept its current effective population size(Ne=62)and sex ratio(0.87﹕1);while an effective population size of more than 200 individuals or a census population size of more than 1000 individuals is necessary,to realize the long-term goal of preserving more than 90%genetic diversity in 100 years.Results obtained in this study are significant for the genetic conservation of the population living in the Poyang Lake,and the whole species as well.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 微卫星 遗传多样性 发展预测 保护建议 长江江豚 

分 类 号：Q347[生物学—遗传学]