单量子点的发光与应用  

Luminescence and Applications of Single Quantum Dots

作　　者：李函聪 陈浠庆 杨静南 史书姝 许秀来 LI Hancong;CHEN Xiqing;YANG Jingnan;SHI Shushu;XU Xiulai(State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院介观物理国家重点实验室,纳光电子前沿科学中心,北京100871 [2]北京量子信息科学研究院,北京100193 [3]中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《发光学报》2023年第7期1251-1272,共22页Chinese Journal of Luminescence

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1400700);国家自然科学基金(62025507,11934019,92250301,11721404,12204020)。

摘　　要：由于量子限制效应,自组装半导体单量子点具有类似于原子的分立能级,可实现高不可分辨、高亮度和高纯度的单光子发射,其多种激子态能够产生不同偏振模式的光子。而光学微纳结构是调控量子点发光性质的有效手段,当单个量子点与光学微腔发生弱耦合时,Purcell效应将大大提高量子点作为单光子源或纠缠光子对源的性能。同时,量子点与光学微腔的强耦合系统可以作为量子光学网络中的量子节点,以及用于研究单光子水平的光学非线性效应。利用量子点与光学波导的耦合可实现固态量子比特和飞行光子比特的相干转换,以及高效的信息处理与传输,由此构建可靠的片上光学网络。此外,单量子点还具有可操控的自旋态,可作为量子比特的载体。考虑到量子点器件的制备过程易与成熟的半导体技术相结合,基于量子点的器件设计具有良好的可扩展性和集成化潜力。Due to the quantum confinement effect,self-assembled semiconductor single quantum dots exhibit atomlike discrete energy levels enabling highly indistinguishable,high brightness and high purity single photon emission,where multiple exciton states in quantum dots can generate photons with different polarizations.The optical micro-na⁃no structure is an effective means to modulate the luminescent properties of single quantum dots.When a single quan⁃tum dot is weakly coupled to an optical micro-cavity,the Purcell effect will greatly improve the performances of the quantum dot as a single photon source or entangled photon-pair source.Meanwhile,the strongly coupled system of quantum dots and optical micro-cavities can be used as quantum nodes in the quantum photonic network or to study the nonlinear optics at the single photon level.Utilizing the coupling of quantum dots and optical waveguides can re⁃alize coherent conversion between solid-state quantum bits and flying photonic bits along with efficient information processing and transmission for building a reliable on-chip photonic network.In addition,a single quantum dot has manipulable spin states,which can work as carriers for quantum bits.Considering the convenience of combining the fabrication process of quantum dot devices with mature semiconductor technology,device designs with quantum dots allow good scalability and integration potential.

关 键 词：自组装半导体量子点 激子 自旋 光学微腔 光波导 

分 类 号：O482.31[理学—固体物理]