天山北坡中段天然草地植物群落特征及变化规律研究  

Study on the Characteristics and Change Rule of Plant Community of Natural Grassland in the Middle of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：张丽萍[1] 阿斯娅·曼力克[1] 赛里克·都曼[1] ZHANG Liping;ASYA·Manlik;SERIC·Durman(Grassland Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences,Urumqi 830022,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,乌鲁木齐830022

出　　处：《草食家畜》2023年第4期55-60,共6页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目“不同干扰方式对天山北坡温性荒漠退化草地植被的影响”。

摘　　要：【目的】调查天山北坡中段垂直带上三种典型草地类型植被基本优势种情况,以及三种草地类型在植被生长季内植物群落基本特征及动态变化规律。【方法】采用实地观测固定样方法,每月固定时间监测植物群落基本特征数据。【结果】三种不同草地类型天然草地植物群落优势种不同月份所表现出的重要值和基本特征规律均不相同,三种草地类型植物群落各优势种的重要值在不同月份无固定规律,各优势种在不同月份的优势性也会有变化;天山北坡中段山地草甸植物种类丰富,建群种植物主要为中生禾草和杂类草,优势种植物主要为无芒雀麦、鸭茅和羽衣草,生长季内草层平均高度为6.8~32.2 cm,植被盖度80%~100%。山地草原植物群落结构简单,优势种植物主要为苔草、羊茅和针茅,生长季内草层平均高度为6.3~12.6 cm,植被盖度62%~80%。山地荒漠植被稀疏,优势种植物主要为冷蒿、镰芒针茅和盐爪爪,生长季内草层平均高度为6.9~11.9 cm,植被盖度23%~35%,覆盖度较低,草地退化现象明显。【结论】天然草地植物群落基本特征及变化规律受气候影响较大,尤其受降水量影响很大。本研究中不同草地类型各优势种植物各监测指标在不同月份呈现的规律有所不同,但与植物本身生长发育规律基本一致。【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the basic dominant species of vegetation of three typical grassland types in the vertical belt of the middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains,as well as the basic characteristics and dynamic changes of plant community of the three grassland types during the growing season.【Methods】The basic characteristics of plant community were monitored by the method of observing fixed samples on the spot for a fixed period of time every month.【Results】The results showed that:The important values and basic characteristics of dominant species of plant community in three grassland types were different in different months.The important values of each dominant species of plant community in three grassland types were not fixed in different months,and the dominance of each dominant species would also change in different months;The middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains had a rich variety of plant species in the mountain meadow.The group species of plants were mainly mesophytic grasses and miscellaneous grasses,while the dominant species were mainly smooth bromegrass,orchardgrass,and feather grass.The average height of the grass layer during the growing season was 6.8~32.2 cm,with the vegetation coverage of 80%~100%.The structure of mountain grassland plant community was simple,and the dominant speices were Carex,Festuca and Stipa.The average height of grass layer in the growing season was 6.3~12.6 cm,with the vegetation coverage of 62%~80%.The vegetation in the mountainous desert was sparse,and the dominant species were mainly Artemisia frigida,Stipa falcata,and Salt Claw.The average height of the grass layer during the growing season was 6.9~11.9 cm,with the vegetation coverage of 23%~35%.The coverage was low,resulting in obvious degradation of grassland.【Conclusion】The basic characteristics and change rule of natural grassland plant community were greatly affected by climate,especially by precipitation.The monitoring indic

关 键 词：天山北坡中段 天然草地 植物群落特征 变化规律 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]