中国古代“老幼妇残”的刑事法保护及其当代传承  

Criminal-law Protection of"Elderly,Children,Women and the Disabled"in Ancient China and Its Contemporary Continuance

作　　者：聂友伦 NIE Youlun

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法学院,上海200241

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第8期46-59,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中华法系与中华法律文件问题研究”(项目编号:20@2H038)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：保护老幼妇残的恤刑原则彰显中华优秀传统法律文化的智慧,须在新时代法治中国建设中得到继承和发扬。古代刑律对老幼妇残的保护规定包括刑罚免除、刑罚减轻、刑罚易科、刑事处遇优待及其他特殊保护等内容。不同内容有着不同侧重,在整体上控制着规范的方向、在细节上制约着权力的行使,形成了恤刑慎杀、从宽处理、特殊保护等刑事法原则。自中华人民共和国成立以来,立法者愈发注重法制传统的传承,设置了一系列保护弱势群体的实体与程序制度,成为我国刑事法治的突出亮点。未来应当以习近平法治思想为指引,进一步完善老幼妇残保护的刑事法体系,如扩张刑事责任减轻的适用对象范围、明确对不宜长期羁押者的处置办法、严格规制侵害老幼妇残的犯罪行为等。The principle of restrained imposition of criminal punishment,regarding the protection of elderly,children,women and the disabled,is a manifestation of the wisdom of traditional Chinese legal culture and should be inherited and carried forward in building the rule of law in China.The provisions on the protection of elderly,children,women and the disabled in ancient criminal law included exemption from criminal punishment,reduction of criminal punishment,the change of the type of criminal punishment,preferential treatment in the penal establishment and other special protection.Different contents had different emphases,which controlled the normative direction as a whole and restrained the exercise of power in detail,forming the principles of criminal law such as restrained imposition of criminal punishment and death penalty,lenient treatment and special protection.Since the restoration of legal system,legislators have paid more and more attention to the inheritance of legal traditions,set up a series of substantive and procedural systems to protect vulnerable groups,which have become a outstanding highlights of China's criminal rule of law.In the future,it is necessary to take Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law as a guidance to further improve the criminal legal system on the protection of elderly,children,women and the disabled,such as expanding the scope of application of reduced criminal responsibility,clarifying the method of treatment of those who are not suitable for long-term custody,and strictly punishing crimes against elderly,children,women and the disabled.

关 键 词：老幼妇残 刑事法保护 恤刑 从宽 

分 类 号：DF09[政治法律—法学理论]