表情符号的解释:基于情境主义的解释方案  

The Interpretation of Emojis: An Interpretation Scheme Based on Contextualism

作　　者：王俐智[1] WANG Lizhi

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第8期92-107,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《民法典》第580条第2款的教义学研究”(项目编号:22CFX026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着网络的发展,表情符号越来越频繁地出现在当事人交易活动中。我国司法实践对于表情符号的解释存在着肯定性解释与否定性解释的裁判分歧,其实质是同意推定与异议推定两种不同解释方案的碰撞。美国合同法上存在着文本主义和情境主义两种解释理论,前者排斥文本之外的任何证据,后者强调文本之外的情境考察。基于表情符号的特性,情境主义更适于表情符号的解释。情境主义下,表情符号应采取“两步走”的解释方案。表情符号的初步解释应当首先区分主动情境与被动情境;其次在被动情境下进一步区分初次交易情境与多次交易情境;最后在初次交易情境下再次区分合同订立、变更、解除情境与合同履行情境,进而分别适用不同的推定方案。基于表情符号的特性,表情符号的最终解释要在具体情境中综合考察表情符号的上下文、表意人的实际行为和习惯等因素,得出妥当的解释结论。With the development of the internet,emojis are increasingly used in transactions.There are judicial disagreements in China on the interpretation of emojis between positive interpretation and negative interpretation,which essentially represent the collision of the two different interpretive approaches of presumed agreement and presumed objection.In American contract law,there are two interpretation theories,textualism and contextualism,with the former excluding any evidence outside of the text and the latter emphasizing contextual examination beyond the text.Given the characteristics of emojis,contextualism is more suitable for their interpretation.Under contextualism,a"two-step"approach should be adopted for the interpretation of emojis.At the initial stage of the interpretation of emojis,the first step is to distinguish active context from passive context;the second step is to,in the passive context,further distinguish the first trading context form the multiple trading context;the final step is to,in the first trading context,distinguish the contexts of formation/modification/termination of contracts from the context of performance of contracts,and then applying different presumptions accordingly.Given the characteristics of emojis,the final interpretation of emojis should be conducted,after comprehensively considering factors such as the context of the emojis,the actual behavior and customary practices of the parties giving such emojis in the specific situation,to arrive at the proper interpretation conclusion.

关 键 词：表情符号 情境主义 同意推定 异议推定 

分 类 号：DF418[政治法律—经济法学]