灌溉时期和次数对胡麻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Period and Frequency on Yield and Quality of Linseed

作　　者：赵宝勰[1] 汪磊[2] 俞华林[1] 李雨阳[1] 谭美莲[2] 师学豪 杨继忠[1] 马泉芳[1] ZHAO Baoxie;WANG Lei;YU Hualin;LI Yuyang;TAN Meilian;SHI Xuehao;YANG Jizhong;MA Quanfang(Baiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Baiyin 730900,China;Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]白银市农业科学研究所,甘肃白银730900 [2]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第6期19-26,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业(特色油料)产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-14)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确灌溉时期和灌溉次数对胡麻产量和品质的影响,为胡麻产区节水灌溉提供参考。【方法】设置3个生育期(枞型期、初花期和灌浆期)不同灌溉次数(各时期1次、以上任意2个时期各灌溉1次、3个时期均灌溉)的灌溉处理,评估不同时期、灌溉次数对胡麻产量、品质和抗倒伏性状的影响。【结果】在年降雨量220 mm左右的干旱地区,灌溉对胡麻生长具有积极促进作用。各灌溉处理比不灌溉对照增产2.5%~75.1%;单次灌溉处理平均产量为1321.5 kg/hm^(2),二次灌溉平均产量为1375.5 kg/hm^(2),三次灌溉平均产量为1870.5kg/hm^(2),比对照(1068.0 kg/hm^(2))分别增产23.7%、28.8%和75.1%;枞型期灌溉处理(含单次和多次灌溉)比枞型期不灌溉处理均表现为植株更健壮、抗折力更高。各灌溉处理下胡麻粗脂肪和α-亚麻酸含量均低于不灌溉对照,降幅分别为2.22%~6.96%和0.21%~9.44%。【结论】从灌溉次数看,灌溉3次(枞型期、初花期和灌浆期各灌1次)是该地区胡麻种植的有效灌溉措施,纯收益最高,比不灌溉增收4807.5元/hm^(2);从灌溉时期看,枞型期灌1次的灌溉产投比最高、为4.06,增产效益好,可达3次灌溉处理收益的97%,可作为该地区节水灌溉的备选方案。【Objective】The effects of irrigation period and frequency on the yield and quality of linseed were clarified to provide reference for water-saving irvigation in linseed producing areas.【Method】The yields,qualities and lodging resistances of linseed under different irrigation treatments were evaluated in this study by setting irrigation treatments at 3 growth stages(fir-needle stage,initial flowering stage and filling stage)with different irrigation times(irrigating once in each period,irrigating twice in any 2 stages,and irrigating 3 times in all 3 stages).【Result】The results showed that irrigation had a positive effect on linseed growth in arid areas with annual rainfall of about 220 mm.Compared with the control without irrigation,each irrigation treatment increased the yield of linseed by 2.5%-75.1%.The average yield of irrigating once,twice and three times was 1321.5 kg/hm^(2),1375.5 kg/hm^(2) and 1870.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which was 23.7%,28.8%and 75.1%higher than that of the control(1068.0 kg/hm^(2)),correspondingly.It was showed that the plants were more robust and with higher bending resistance in the treatment of fir-needle stage irrigation(including single and multiple irrigation)than in the treatment of no irrigation in the fir-needle stage.Compare to the control,the contents of crude fat andα-linolenic acid for irrigation treatments were lower,decreasing by 2.22%-6.96%and 0.21%-9.44%,respectively.【Conclusion】In this research,irrigation three times(irrigating once at fir-needle,initial flowering and filling stage,respectively)is an effective irrigation measure for linseed production in arid areas,and its net income is the highest,with an increase of 4807.5 yuan/hm^(2) compared with no irrigation.However,the yield to input ratio of irrigating once(at the fir-needle stage)is the highest(4.06),and the yield efficiency is good,reaching 97%of the income of the treatment of irrigating three times,which can be used as an alternative water-saving irrigation scheme in this region.

关 键 词：胡麻 灌溉时期 灌溉次数 产量 品质 倒伏 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]