营养型阻控剂在Cd高风险双季稻田上的应用效果评价  

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Nutrient Inhibitor Applied to High Cadmium-Risk Double-Cropped Rice Fields

作　　者：王艳红 陈勇 尹贻龙 艾绍英 徐梓盛 李林峰 李义纯 李奇 唐明灯 WANG Yanhong;CHEN Yong;YIN Yilong;AI Shaoying;XU Zisheng;LI Linfeng;LI Yichun;LI Qi;TANG Mingdeng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conserva tion/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Prevention of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第6期44-52,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省应用型科技研发专项资金(2016B020240009);广东省农业科学院学科团队建设项目(202120TD)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对稻米镉(Cd)超标现象较为突出的问题,研发一种营养型阻控剂并进行田间应用,以验证其阻控稻米吸收镉与提升土壤养分的效果。【方法】在珠三角3个地市各选择1处Cd高风险双季稻田作为示范区,分别于早、晚造水稻插秧前,基施营养型阻控剂,研究并评价其对早、晚两造不同水稻品种糙米Cd质量分数及土壤性质的影响。【结果】营养型阻控剂对3个示范区的早、晚造水稻产量无显著影响,降低了水稻糙米Cd质量分数,降低幅度达8.43%~72.5%。施用营养型阻控剂对土壤性质有不同影响,3个示范区的早、晚造水稻田土壤pH值较对照区提高了0.10~0.42个单位,土壤交换性钙(Ca)、交换性镁(Mg)和有效硅(Si)质量分数最高增幅分别为66.2%、109%和53.0%,但土壤水解性氮(N)质量分数变化不明显,其中示范区Ⅰ和示范区Ⅱ的2造土壤有效磷(P)和速效钾(K)质量分数最高增幅分别为78.3%和24.6%,但示范区Ⅲ的2造土壤有效P和速效K质量分数无显著变化;营养型阻控剂显著降低了示范区Ⅰ的土壤有效态Cd质量分数,降幅为4.9%~7.3%,但对示范区Ⅱ和Ⅲ的土壤有效态Cd质量分数作用效果不显著。【结论】营养型阻控剂在降低水稻糙米Cd含量的同时,对土壤大、中量营养元素和有效态Cd的影响具有分异性,但不会对土壤性质和水稻产量产生不良影响,具备在珠三角地区Cd高风险稻田上安全利用的可行性。【Objective】The study aimed to address the conspicuous problem of excessive cadmium(Cd)in rice by developing and applying a nutrient inhibitor in the field to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing Cd uptake by rice and improving soil nutrients.【Method】One about 3.33 hm2,high-risk,double-cropped rice field was selected as a demonstration area in each of three cities in the Pearl River Delta.The nutrient inhibitor was applied to the soil before rice seedling transplanting in both the early and late cropping seasons.Its impact on the mass fraction of Cd in brown rice from different rice varieties over both cropping seasons were studied and assessed,as well as its influence on soil properties.【Result】The results showed that the nutrient inhibitor did not significantly impact the early or late cropping season rice yields in any of the three demonstration areas.However,it did reduce the mass fraction of Cd in brown rice,with reduction ranging from 8.43%to 72.5%.The nutrient inhibitor influenced soil properties differently.Compared to the control area,the nutrient inhibitor increased the pH of the soil in the double-cropped rice fields of the three demonstration areas by 0.10~0.42 units.The nutrient inhibitor increased the mass fractions of soil exchangeable calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and available silicon(Si)which reached peak increases of 66.2%,109%,and 53.0%respectively.However,the nutrient inhibitor did not noticeably change the mass fraction of soil hydrolytic nitrogen(N).In the demonstration area I and II,the inhibitor improved the mass fractions of available phosphorus(P)and available potassium(K)with peak increases of 78.3%and 24.6%,respectively,while in the demonstration area III,the inhibitor insignificantly changed them.The nutrient inhibitor significantly reduced the mass fraction of available Cd in the soil in the demonstration area I by 4.9%~7.3%,but it had no significant effect on that in the demonstration area II and III.【Conclusion】The nutrient inhibitor has ability to decrease the Cd acc

关 键 词：营养型阻控剂 镉 双季稻 土壤性质 效果评价 珠三角 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]