微生物菌肥与化肥配施对韭菜生产及韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Microbial Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Production of Chinese Chive and Occurrence Amount of Bradysia odoriphaga

作　　者：刘家玮 郑长英 迟秀丽 姜亚军 孙丽娟 LIU Jiawei;ZHENG Changying;CHI Xiuli;JIANG Yajun;SUN Lijuan(College of Plant Health and Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Jiaozhou Agricultural and Rural Service Center of Qingdao,Jiaozhou 266300,China;Qingdao Michael Bell Agricultural Technology Co.,ltd,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东青岛266109 [2]胶州市农业农村服务中心,山东胶州266300 [3]青岛麦可贝尔农业科技有限公司,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第6期92-100,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青岛市科技惠民项目(21-1-4-ny-28-nsh);山东省农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-5-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确微生物菌肥在韭菜生产中的应用价值,基于韭菜优质安全生产和韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga)防治筛选微生物菌肥与化肥配施的最佳方案。【方法】以雪韭791为试验对象,以100%推荐用量化肥处理为对照(T1),设置8个处理,分别为100%推荐用量的化肥配合30%、50%、70%、100%推荐用量的微生物菌肥(T2~T5)、100%推荐用量的微生物菌肥配合70%、50%、30%和0%推荐用量的化肥(T6~T9),通过室内单因素试验评估不同施肥方案对韭菜生长性状的影响,并通过田间试验验证较优施肥方案对韭菜产量、品质及韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生的影响。【结果】室内试验结果表明,微生物菌肥可有效提升韭菜生长性状,韭菜株高、茎粗、最大叶宽、单株质量和须根数量显著增加;其中,T5、T6和T7处理韭菜生长性状最佳,株高表现尤其突出,分别为27.87、27.59和28.84 cm,与其他处理差异显著;单株质量较大,分别为0.99、0.93和0.94 g,与除T4和T9以外的其他处理差异显著;T5、T6和T7三组处理间生长性状无显著差异。基于以上结果和经济效益角度,选择T6和T7为较优施肥方案进行田间试验。T6方案的田间处理(FT6)结果显示,韭菜单株质量、茎粗、假茎长度、株高、最大叶宽和须根数分别较FT1(CK2)提升29.41%、1.70%、12.19%、7.58%、17.23%和40.60%;T7方案的田间处理(FT7)结果显示,韭菜单株质量、茎粗、假茎长度、最大叶宽和须根数量分别较FT1(CK2)提升23.22%、4.21%、11.94%、9.47%和16.99%,提升幅度低于FT6;FT6和FT7处理韭菜产量分别较FT1(CK2)提高48.39%和12.99%,且可溶性糖含量分别比FT1(CK2)提高32.72%和10.45%,可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高6.76%和6.60%,韭菜品质显著提高。FT6和FT7处理均可抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生,抑制率分别为50.15%和22.16%。综上,FT6处理优于FT7。【结论】微生物菌肥与化肥配合施用相较于单独施用化肥可有效提高韭菜产量、�【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the value of microbial fertilizer in the production of Chinese chive,and screen the best scheme for combined application of microbial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer in the high quality and safe production of Chinese chive and control of Bradysia odoriphaga.【Method】Xuejiu 791 was taken as the research object,8 treatments of microbial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer were set up,namely,the recommended amount of chemical fertilizer combined with 30%,50%,70%,100%of the recommended amount of microbial fertilizer(T2~T5),and the recommended amount of microbial fertilizer combined with 70%,50%,30%,and 0%of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizer(T6~T9).The effects of different fertilization schemes on the yield and growth traits of Chinese chives was estimated by indoor single factor experiment to screen the better fertilization schemes;and the effects of above better fertilization schemes on the yield and quality of Chinese chives and the occurrence of B.odoriphaga were verified by field experiments.【Result】The indoor experiment showed that the growth traits of Chinese chives were significantly improved by microbial fertilizer,with plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf width,plant weight per plant and number of fibrous root significantly increased.Among all the fertilization schemes,the best growth traits of Chinese chives were found in T5,T6,and T7 treatment,especially for plant height,which was 27.87,27.59 and 28.84 cm,respectively,and significantly differed from that in other treatments.The weight per plant was 0.99,0.93 and 0.94 g,respectively,which was significantly different from that in other treatments except T4 and T9.The growth traits of Chinese chives did not differ among T5,T6 and T7.Based on the above results and the economic point of view,T6 and T7 were judged to be the optimal fertilizer scheme.The result of field experiment showed that the application of T6 scheme of indoor experiment(FT6 treatment)significantly increased the plan

关 键 词：微生物菌肥 化肥 配比 韭菜 产量 品质 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]