第三支柱养老保险的财政金融支持——账户制个人养老金的国际经验  

Fiscal and Financial Support for the Third Pillar of Pension Insurance-International Experience of Personal Account-Based Pensions

作　　者：王向楠[1,2] WANG Xiangnan(Institute of Finance and Banking,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院金融研究所 [2]中国社会科学院保险与经济发展研究中心

出　　处：《金融市场研究》2023年第7期14-34,共21页Financial Market Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金年度项目“养老保险第三支柱与养老金融市场的协同发展研究”(编号:22BGL062)。

摘　　要：2022年11月,五部委发布《个人养老金实施办法》,中国的账户制个人养老金开始试点。本文首先辨析账户制个人养老金与5个相关概念,总结中国个人养老金制度方案的特征;其次,分析美国IRA、英国SIIP、日本iDeCo、日本NISA、加拿大RRSP、加拿大TFSA、澳大利亚Superannuation这7个账户制个人养老金的制度模式,关注形成过程、账户运行、财税规则和建设效果,并阐释其突出特点;最后,从覆盖拓展、投资高效、信息透明、监管严格、账户连通和养老服务6个方面,提出中国发展账户制个人养老金的政策建议。In November 2022,five ministries jointly issued the Implementation Measures for Personal Pension Plans as China unveiled its pilot program for a personal pension system based on the individual account model.This article summarizes the characteristics of China's personal pension system and analyzes the concept of individual account-based personal pensions as well as five related concepts.The article analyzes seven individual accountbased personal pension systems,namely the individual retirement accounts(IRA)in the United States,the selfinvested personal pensions(SIPP)in the United Kingdom,the individual defined contribution pensions(iDeCo)and the Nippon individual savings accounts(NISA)in Japan,the registered retirement savings plans(RRSP)and tax-free savings accounts(TFSA)in Canada,and superannuation funds in Australia.This article focuses on the topics of how the systems were formed,how accounts operate,fiscal and tax rules,as well as the effects of the establishment of these pension systems.It also summarizes the prominent features of each of these pension models.Finally,the article makes policy suggestions for China's development of individual account-based personal pensions from the perspectives of coverage expansion,efficient investment,information transparency,strict regulation,account connectivity,and elderly services.

关 键 词：个人养老金 账户制 养老保险 资本市场 财税政策 

分 类 号：F842.67[经济管理—保险] F812.0F832.0