低温胁迫对南方根结线虫存活的影响及在北方温室的应用  

Effect of low⁃temperature stress on the survival of Meloidogyne incognita and its application in greenhouse of northern China

作　　者：魏佩瑶 潘嵩 彭德良 张锋[1,2] 陈志杰 张淑莲 李英梅 WEI Peiyao;PAN Song;PENG Deliang;ZHANG Feng;CHEN Zhijie;ZHANG Shulian;LI Yingmei(Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710043,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology,Xi’an 710043,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省生物农业研究所,西安710043 [2]陕西省植物线虫学重点实验室,西安710043 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第7期1981-1987,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：陕西省科学院重大专项(2022k⁃02);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY⁃128);西安市科技局农业技术研发项目(21NYYF0024)资助。

摘　　要：本研究采用室内离体测定的方法研究了低温处理对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫(J2)致死率和卵囊孵化率的影响,在此基础上,通过田间试验评价了两种土壤低温处理方法对北方地区温室南方根结线虫存活率的影响。室内研究结果表明:-7℃处理24 h后,南方根结线虫J2存活率为0;-9℃处理24 h后,南方根结线虫卵囊完全不孵化。-1、-2、-3、-4℃分别处理8、5、3、1.5 d后J2存活率均为0;-2、-3、-4、-5℃分别处理9、6、4、1 d后卵囊完全不孵化。拟合分析发现,温度与J2致死时间及温度与卵囊不孵化时间均呈指数函数关系。田间试验结果表明:起垄后0~50 cm土层和平地0~30 cm土层南方根结线虫死亡率均可达100%,平地30~40及40~50 cm较温室同深度病情指数分别减少84.9%、75.8%。因此,在陕西省榆林市及其以北地区,冬季通过低温防控温室南方根结线虫能达到较好效果,技术可操作性强,具有较为广阔的推广前景。We examined the effects of low temperature on egg hatching and killing rate of the 2nd instars of Meloidogyne incognita(J2)in the laboratory.We further evaluated the effects of two soil treatment methods on the survival rate of M.incognita in northern China in a field experiment.The results of laboratory experiment showed that survival rate of J2 was 0 after being subjected to-7℃for 24 hours,and that egg hatching was completely inhibited 24 hours after being subjected to-9℃.The survival rate of J2 was 0 after being subjected to-1,-2,--3,and-4℃for 8,5,3,and 1.5 d,respectively.Egg hatching was completely inhibited after being subjected to-2,3,-4,and-5℃for 9,6,4,and 1 d,respectively.Results of the fitting analysis showed that both the relationships between the temperature and the lethal time of J2 as well as the temperature and the non⁃hatching time of the eggs followed exponential functions.The results of field test showed that death rate of M.incognita in 0-50 cm soil layer after ridging treatment and 0-30 cm soil layer after leveling treatment could reach 100%,while the disease index of the former in 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm was 84.9%and 75.8%,respectively,which was lower than that in the greenhouse.Our results suggest that preventing and controlling M.incognita in greenhouses through low⁃temperature in winter could achieve a better control effect in Yulin City and the northward region.The proposed technique is convenient and has high potential for popularization.

关 键 词：南方根结线虫 温度 低温胁迫 防治技术 

分 类 号：S432.45[农业科学—植物病理学]