中药材辐射诱变育种的研究进展  

Research progress on radiation breeding of Chinese medicinal materials

作　　者：朋冬琴 刘录祥[3] 郭会君[3] 李玉婷 栗孟飞[2] 郭欣慰 魏建和 PENG Dong-qin;LIU Lu-xiang;GUO Hui-jun;LI Yu-ting;LI Meng-fei;GUO Xin-wei;WEI Jian-he(Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education&National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室/濒危药材繁育国家工程实验室,北京100193 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学学院,干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中草药》2023年第13期4367-4376,共10页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项:核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控(CARS-21);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2021-I2M-1-031,2021-I2M-1-032)。

摘　　要：辐射诱变育种是利用物理方法加速生物体自然变异、从而快速获得性状优异的新种质、并通过严格选育形成性状稳定新品种的现代育种技术之一,其不涉及外源基因导入,并可大幅缩短育种周期。通过对^(60)Co-γ辐射、重离子辐射、常温常压等离子体、中波红斑效应紫外线、激光辐射和空间诱变6种主要辐射诱变育种方法的基本原理、特点、生物学效应及在中药材育种中的应用进行综述,并探讨了相关辐射诱变技术在中药材领域的安全性和应用前景,为中药材辐射诱变育种相关研究与应用提供借鉴和参考。Radiation mutagenesis breeding is one of the modern breeding techniques that accelerate the natural variation of organisms by physical methods,so as to quickly obtain new germplasm with excellent characters and form new varieties with stable characters through strict breeding.It does not involve the introduction of foreign genes and can greatly shorten the breeding cycle.The basic principles,characteristics,biological effects of six major radiation mutagenesis breeding methods,including ^(60)Co-γ radiation,heavy ion radiation,atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ultraviolet erythema effect,laser radiation and space mutagenesis,and their applications in the breeding of Chinese medicinal materials were reviewed.The safety and application prospect of relevant radiation mutagenesis technology in the field of Chinese medicinal materials were discussed,which provided reference for the relevant research and application of radiation mutagenesis breeding for Chinese medicinal materials.

关 键 词：辐射诱变 中药材 育种 安全性 诱变效应 变异 次生代谢 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]