苏联解体以来的哈萨克斯坦工人运动  

The Workers'Movement in Kazakhstan since the Disolution of the Soviet Union

作　　者：康晏如[1] Kang Yanru

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2023年第6期76-85,M0005,共11页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目“世界大变局下国外社会主义新发展”(2019MGCZD003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏联解体后,哈萨克斯坦工人运动伴随着激烈的劳资对抗,一直保持着强大的战斗力。哈萨克斯坦的工人运动具有自己的鲜明特点:能源行业的工人是运动的主力军;经济诉求与政治诉求并重;工人自建工会和共产党曾在运动中发挥重要作用;示范效应明显,部分诉求通过斗争得以实现;存在失序和被其他势力所利用的风险等。经济形势恶化与工人利益受损是哈萨克斯坦保持强大工人运动的直接原因,以新自由主义为基础的私有化改革是根本原因,国家垄断的垂直工会体系让工人更倾向于采取罢工、示威等行动达成诉求。目前,哈萨克斯坦工人运动面临着缺乏共产党领导、缺乏工人自建工会支持、“强资本、弱劳动”的劳资格局难以改变等困难与挑战。After the disolution of the Soviet Union,the workers'movement in Kazakhstan,accompanied by fierce labor-capital confrontation,has maintained strong fighting force.This movement has its own distinctive features:the workers in the energy industry are the main force of the movement;both the economic and political demands are emphasized;the workers self-built unions and the Communist Party played an important role in the movement;model effect is obvious,and some of the demands are met through struggle;and there are risks of disorder and being exploited by other forces.The deteriorating economic situation and the erosion of the workers'interests are the direct causes for the strong workers'movement in Kazakhstan;the neoliberal privatization reform is the root cause;the state-monopolized system of vertical trade union makes the workers more inclined to take strikes,demonstrations and other actions to meet their demands.At present,the workers movement in Kazakhstan is facing difficulties and challenges such as the lack of the leadership of the Communist Party and support from the workers'self-built trade unions,and the persisting situation of"strong capital and weak labor".

关 键 词：哈萨克斯坦 工人运动 劳资关系 工会 

分 类 号：D413.61[政治法律—政治学]