黄河干流盐锅峡-黑山峡段鱼类群落结构与环境因子的关系  

Relationship between fish community structure and environmental factors in the Yellow River from Yanguoxia to Heishanxia

作　　者：张永胜 王太 虎永彪 李建真[1] ZHANG Yong-sheng;WANG Tai;HU Yong-biao;LI Jian-zhen(College of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Fisheries Research Institute of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省水产研究所,兰州730030

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期303-313,321,共12页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF8FA102);甘肃省创新基地和人才计划项目(21JR7RA720)。

摘　　要：为了研究盐锅峡-黑山峡段黄河鱼类群落结构变化及其与主要环境因子的关系,于2021年对该河段进行3次鱼类资源调查.共调查到鱼类4目6科19种,其中鳅科和鲤科鱼类占47.37%和31.58%.按不同生态类型主要为肉食性、底栖性和定居性鱼类.优势种为池沼公鱼、鲫、麦穗鱼和黄河高原鳅.聚类分析和非度量多维尺度排序结果表明,该河段鱼类群落可以分为3组,河口、水川和靖远河段为一组;永靖、兴隆和车木峡河段为一组;平川和大庙河段为一组.相似性百分比分析表明,不同季节的鱼类群落物种组成差异显著,主要分歧种为池沼公鱼.丰度/生物量曲线分析表明,春季鱼类群落结构处于稳定状态,夏季和秋季鱼类群落结构处于中等干扰状态.主成分分析和冗余分析表明,总磷和溶解氧是影响盐锅峡-黑山峡段黄河鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子,该河段鱼类群落结构在不同季节差异较大,总磷和溶解氧是影响鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子.In order to study the changes in fish community structure and its relationship with major environmental factors in the Yellow River from Yanguoxia to Heishanxia,three fish resource surveys were conducted in 2021 and a total of 19 species of fish,belonging to 6 families and 4 orders,were investigated,among which 47.37%were Cobitidae and 31.58%Cyprinida.According to different ecological types,they were mainly carnivorous,benthic and sedentary.The dominant species were Hypomesus olidus,Carassius auratus,Pseudorasbora parva and Triplophysa pappenheimi.The results of the cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that fish communities could be divided into three groups,with Hekou,Shuichuan and Jingyuan reaches as a group,Yongjing,Xinglong and Chemu Gorge as another,and Pingchuan and Damiao river sections as the third group.The similarity percentage analy-sis showed that the species composition of fish differed significantly from each other.A principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of fish in the Yellow River from Yanguoxia to Heishanxia.The fish community structure in this reach varied greatly in different seasons,and total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen were the main environmental factors affecting the fish community structure.

关 键 词：鱼类群落结构 环境因子 聚类分析 冗余分析 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]