西北内陆河流域实际蒸散发对干旱的响应及其影响因素  

Responses of actual evapotranspiration to drought in Chinese northwest inland river basins and its influencing factors

作　　者：李开放 张福平 冯起 魏永芬[3] 何旭洋 LI Kai-fang;ZHANG Fu-ping;FENG Qi;WEI Yong-fen;HE Xu-yang(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xian 710119,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;River Basin Research Center,Gifu University,Gifu 5011193,Japan)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [3]日本国立岐阜大学流域圈科学研究中心,日本岐阜5011193

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期322-330,共9页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(21YJAZH110);陕西师范大学“一带一路”专项科研项目(22YDYLZ011);国家自然科学基金项目(52179026);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302600)。

摘　　要：通过对西北内陆河流域实际蒸散发(ET)的研究以解决研究区内水资源短缺问题以及有限水资源的合理利用.利用西北内陆河流域80个气象站点的气象数据和中分辨率成像光谱仪遥感产品数据,采用基于地表能量平衡理论的地表能量平衡系统(SEBS)模型,对2000-2020年西北内陆河流域ET进行定量化估算,分析其时空分布特征和对干旱状况的响应,探讨不同气候因子对ET的影响.结果表明,西北内陆河流域2000-2020年各年平均蒸散量先减小后增加,多年平均值为157.97mm.不同季节,不同土地覆被类型条件下ET均值变化为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,水域>耕地>林地>草地>其他.西北内陆河流域干旱程度空间分布差异较为明显,ET和温度植被干旱指数有着相反的变化趋势,2000-2020年流域经历了干旱先增强后减弱的一个过程,ET为先减小后增加的趋势.21a来,西北内陆河流域平均气温、地表温度、相对湿度与蒸散发均呈正相关关系,日照时数仅在冬季与蒸散发呈负相关关系,且影响因子与蒸散发的相关性随着季节的变化而改变.通过彭曼公式和蒸发皿数据对SEBS模型模拟值进行精度验证,ET模拟值精度较高,说明模拟结果适用于本研究区.This study aimed at addressing the problem of water scarcity and rational use of limited water resources in the study areas via the actual evapotranspiration(ET)in Chinese northwest inland river basins.With relevant data from 80 meteorological stations and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer remote sensing product data,the surface energy balance system(SEBS)model based on the surface energy balance theory was used to quantify ET in the inland river basins from 2000 to 2020,analyze its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and responses to drought conditions and explore the influence of different climatic factors on ET.The results showed that the average evapotranspiration decreased and then increased in each year from 2000 to 2020,with a multi-year average value of 157.97 mm,and the mean ET values changed in different seasons and under different land cover types in the pattern of summer>spring>autumn>winter,and watershed>cropland>woodland>grassland>other.The spatial distribution of drought in Chinese northwest inland river basins varied significantly,and ET and temperature vegetation dryness index had opposite trends,with the basin experiencing a process of increasing and then decreasing drought from 2000 to 2020,and ET decreasing and then increasing.Over the past 21 years,the average temperature,surface temperature,relative humidity and evapotranspiration in Chinese northwest inland river basins were positively correlated,and the sunshine hours were negatively correlated with evapotranspiration only in winter,and the correlation between the influencing factors and evapotranspiration would vary with seasonal changes.The accuracy of the simulated values of SEBS model was verified by Penman's formula and evaporation dish data,and the accuracy of ET simulated values is high,which indicates that the simulation results are applicable to this study area and can provide a scientific basis for the subsequent water resources allocation.

关 键 词：实际蒸散发 地表能量平衡系统模型 西北内陆河流域 时空变化 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]