不同遮荫度对宽叶山蒿生长和品质的影响  

Effects of shading intensity on growth and quality of Artemisia stolonifera

作　　者：李双鸽 赵亚臣 李慧 黄显章[4] 吴婷 雷咪[1] 刘大会[1] LI Shuang-ge;ZHAO Ya-chen;LI Hui;HUANG Xian-zhang;WU Ting;LEI Mi;LIU Da-hui(Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China;Academician Workstation,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330000,China;Jiangxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry,Nanchang 330000,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation,Nanyang Institute of Technology,Nanyang 473004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中医药大学中药资源中心,湖北武汉430065 [2]江西中医药大学院士工作站,江西南昌330000 [3]江西中医药健康产业研究院,江西南昌330000 [4]南阳理工学院,河南省张仲景方药与免疫调节重点实验室,河南南阳473004

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第14期3715-3721,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：江西中医药健康产业研究院科技项目;国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者项目;湖北省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HBHZD-ZB-2020-005);湖北省教育厅中青年人才项目(Q20212001);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：研究不同遮荫度对宽叶山蒿生长、产量和品质的影响,为宽叶山蒿人工栽培提供参考依据。以生长一致的宽叶山蒿幼苗为试验材料,采用黑色遮阳网,设置4个遮荫水平(0、55%、85%、95%),进行遮荫处理,测农艺性状指标,产量,出绒率,绒总灰分,绒燃烧热解质量特性,挥发性、黄酮类、酚酸类成分含量。结果表明,宽叶山蒿的茎粗、叶宽、五叶间距、分枝数、产量在遮荫条件下显著降低,株高、叶长、叶片数、叶绿素含量和出绒率随遮荫度增加先增高后降低。自然光下叶绒燃烧性能优于中度遮荫下和重度遮荫下。桉油精的含量随遮荫度增加先增加后减少,葎草烯含量与遮荫度呈负相关,其他主要特征挥发性成分在各遮荫条件下无显著性差异;新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异夏佛塔苷和异绿原酸B的含量与遮荫度呈负相关,绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C的含量随遮荫度增加先减少后增加。综上所述,宽叶山蒿是喜光植物,遮荫会大幅降低产量、内在成分含量和叶绒燃烧性能,这是野外宽叶山蒿主要分布在中高山的林缘、疏林、路边和荒地草丛的主要原因;进行宽叶山蒿人工驯化栽培,宜选择光照充足地块。The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of shading intensity on the growth,yield,and quality of Artemisia stolonifera so as to provide references for the artificial cultivation of A.stolonifera.The seedlings of A.stolonifera with consistent growth underwent shading treatment at four shading intensity levels(0,55%,85%,and 95%)with different layers of black shading nets.The agronomic indexes,yield,moxa yield,total ash,quality characteristics of moxa during combustion and pyrolysis,main volatile components,flavonoids,and phenolic acids were measured.The results showed that under shading conditions,the stem diameter,leaf width,5-leaf spacing,branch number,and yield of A.stolonifera decreased significantly,while the plant height,leaf length,leaf number,chlorophyll content,and moxa yield increased first and then decreased with the increase in shading intensity.The burning performance of moxa under natural light was better than that under moderate and severe shading conditions.The content of eucalyptol first increased and then decreased with the increase in shading intensity.The humulene content was negatively correlated with shading intensity.Other major volatile components showed no significant difference under various shading conditions.The content of neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,isoschaftoside,and isochlorogenic acid B was positively correlated with shading intensity,while the content of chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid A,and isochlorogenic acid C decreased first and then increased with the increase in shading intensity.To sum up,A.stolonifera is a light-loving plant,and shading can greatly reduce the yield,the content of internal components,and the burning performance of moxa.It is the main reason why A.stolonifera is mainly distributed in the forest edge,open forest,roadside,and wasteland grass in the middle and high mountains in the wild.For artificial domestication and cultivation of A.stolonifera,it is better to select plots with sufficient light.

关 键 词：宽叶山蒿 遮荫度 生长 出绒率 挥发油 黄酮 酚酸 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]