乌梅肉的药用沿革及现代研究进展  

Medicinal evolution and modern research progress on Mume Fructus

作　　者：张颖[1] 屈琼 赵小梅 赵佩媛 张新博 邱金清 段玺 宋逍[1,3] ZHANG Ying;QU Qiong;ZHAO Xiao-mei;ZHAO Pei-yuan;ZHANG Xin-bo;QIU Jin-qing;DUAN Xi;SONG Xiao(Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,China;Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712000,China;Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutics of Chinese Materia Medica and New Drug Development,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学,陕西咸阳712046 [2]陕西中医药大学附属医院,陕西咸阳712000 [3]中药制药与新药开发教育部工程研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第14期3753-3764,共12页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711204);陕西省教育厅项目(21JC011);陕西省中医药管理局项目(2021-04-ZZ-007)。

摘　　要：乌梅为药食两用药材,乌梅肉为其项下的炮制品,始载于《神农本草经》,是涩肠止泻,生津安蛔之良药。笔者通过查阅历代本草著作、现代法典等相关文献资料,梳理乌梅肉药用沿革,考证乌梅肉古代功效及主治病症,汇总国家和省级标准中乌梅肉饮片收录情况。历代本草中记载乌梅肉可通过焙干、炒或微炒、炒炭、单蒸、拌酒蒸、酒或醋浸后蒸等多种方法处理后制成丸、散、膏剂应用于虚劳、消渴、疟疾、痢疾、蛔虫病等疾病的治疗,9版《中国药典》及19个省份的相关炮制规范中收载了乌梅肉这一炮制品,确定将净乌梅水润使软或蒸软,去核的乌梅肉炮制方法。通过从炮制对其化学成分、药理作用的影响及其现代临床应用情况等方面进行综述,发现以下问题,乌梅肉古代应用方法多样但现代沿用较少;炮制工艺缺乏规范化研究;对乌梅炮制前后生熟差异引起的变化研究相对薄弱等。故有必要进一步探究其炮制前后化学成分的变化规律及其与药效活性的相关性,规范炮制工艺,为乌梅分部位用药及其质量控制提供更有力的依据。Prunus mume is an edible and medicinal material,and Mume Fructus is its processed product,which was first recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing).It is an effective drug for stopping diarrhea with astringents and promoting fluid production to quiet ascaris.By consulting the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties,modern codes,and other related literature,this paper sorted out the medicinal evolution of Mume Fructus,examined the ancient efficacy of Mume Fructus and the main indications,and summarized the inclusion of Mume Fructus in national and provincial standards.It is recorded in the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties that Mume Fructus can be processed by various methods such as roasting,stir-frying or micro-frying,stir-frying with charcoal,single steaming,steaming with wine,and steaming after soaking in wine or vinegar,and prepared into pills,powders,and ointments,which are used in the treatment of fatigue,diabetes,malaria,dysentery,ascariasis,and other diseases.Mume Fructus has been included in nine editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and 19 provincial and municipal preparation specifications.The processing method of Mume Fructus is determined,namely,clean P.mume should be softened by moistening in water or steaming and pitted.By reviewing the effects of processing on its chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and its modern clinical application,this paper identified the following issues.The ancient application methods of Mume Fructus are diverse but less commonly used in modern times,there is a lack of standardized research on the processing,and the research on the changes caused by the difference in Mume Fructus before and after processing is not deep.Therefore,it is necessary to further investigate the change pattern of its chemical composition before and after processing and its correlation between its medicinal activity to standardize the processing technology and provide a solid basis for the use of Mume Fructus in parts and its quality control.

关 键 词：乌梅肉 药用沿革 炮制规范 物质基础 临床应用 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]