粉砂性高速公路路基边坡植物护坡方案对比分析  

Slope protection by different types of vegetation and ground coverings:A case study on the silty subgrade slope of the Haian-Qidong Expressway

作　　者：史锋厚 倪岳 杨成参 赵娅如 付红祥 SHI Feng-hou;NI Yue;YANG Cheng-can;ZHAO Ya-ru;FU Hong-xiang(College of Forestry,Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Yuanshun Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000,China;Huashe Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]江苏源顺环保科技有限公司,江苏南京210000 [3]华设设计集团股份有限公司,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第8期71-81,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：江苏省交通运输科技项目(2018Y);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助

摘　　要：为探索植物护坡方式在粉砂性高速公路路基边坡应用的可行性以及为防护方案的制定提供科学依据,以江苏省海启高速粉砂性路基边坡为研究对象,选择<2 m坡段、2~4 m坡段和>4 m坡段进行植物防护对比试验,探究不同覆盖材料对于防护植物生长和防护效果的影响,对比不同配比防护植物生长情况及防护效果,同时对5种植物根系生长指标进行监测。结果表明:植物防护方案中增加纤维毯和草帘覆盖有助于防护植物的生长,并提高防护能力,纤维毯覆盖优于草帘覆盖;>4 m坡段防护植物盖度和均匀度较差,存在严重的分层现象,坡面土壤冲积现象明显,单纯的植物防护方式不适用于4 m以上高度的边坡防护;多草灌混播、多草籽混播、单草籽播种方式下植物生长情况好于多草花混播,多草灌混播后的植物盖度和均匀度显著优于其他植物配比方式,草灌结合植物生长相互促进且防护效果更佳;5种植物根系指标的监测结果证实紫穗槐、胡枝子、狗牙根根系总根长、根表面积、根体积等指标优于百喜草和多花木兰,植物适生性和根系生长情况可以作为防护植物选择的基本条件。综合而言,海启高速粉砂性路基边坡可采用多草灌混播+纤维毯覆盖的防护方案,该方案适用于4 m以下高度的边坡防护,以紫穗槐、胡枝子和狗牙根混播的植物生长情况最佳,且植物根系发达,可以发挥较好的边坡防护作用。The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of protecting slopes by planting vegetation with or without ground coverings,and to select the best protection strategy for this purpose.The site selected for this research was the silty subgrade slope of the Haian-Qidong Expressway in Jiangsu Province.Different types of vegetation were planted on slopes of<2 m,2-4 m,and>4 m in height,and different materials were used to cover the soil surface.We determined the effects of the covering materials on the growth and protection effect of the vegetation.In addition,we monitored the above-ground growth and root growth of five plant species.The results showed that the use of a fiber mat or a straw layer as ground coverings encouraged plant growth and improved their protection capacity.Compared with the straw curtain,the fiber blanket showed better ground coverage.Slope protection by vegetation alone was not suitable for slopes of>4 m in height,because the coverage and uniformity of protective plants in this slope section were poor,serious stratification occurred,and alluvial soil was still visible on the slope surface.Compared with plant growth after mixed sowing of multiple grasses and flowers,plant growth was better after mixed sowing of seeds of multiple grass and shrub species,mixed sowing of multiple grass species,and sowing seeds of a single grass species.The plant cover and uniformity was significantly better after mixed planting of grasses and shrubs than after other planting patterns.The combination of grasses and shrubs mutually promoted their growth,resulting in the best slope protection effect.We evaluated five plant root indicators,and found that the indexes of total root length,root surface area,and root volume were higher for Amorpha fruticosa,Lespedeza bicolor,and Cynodon dactylon than for Paspalum notatum and Magnolia multiflora.The suitability of plants for particular areas and their root growth characteristics can be used as the criteria for selection as protective plants.In general,the protection ap

关 键 词：高速公路 粉砂性路基边坡 植物防护 植物生长 防护效果 

分 类 号：U417.12[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]