禁牧和放牧对祁连山高寒草原秋季大型和中型土壤节肢动物多样性的影响  

Effect of fencing and grazing on soil macro- and meso-arthropod diversity in alpine grassland ecosystems in the Qilian Mountains in the fall

作　　者：刘继亮 赵文智[1,2] 王永珍 冯怡琳[3] 祁进贤 李永元 LIU Ji-liang;ZHAO Wen-zhi;WANG Yong-zhen;FENG Yi-lin;QI Jin-xian;LI Yong-yuan(Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Qilian County Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Qilian Mountain National Park Qilian Management Branch,Haibei 810499,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究所临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]宁夏大学,宁夏银川750021 [4]祁连山国家公园祁连管理分局,青海海北810499

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第8期214-221,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A(XDA23060304);国家自然科学基金(41771290)资助

摘　　要：过度放牧及气候变化引起祁连山高寒草原退化,而禁牧可以恢复退化高寒草原生态系统,但长期禁牧会影响高寒草原地上和地下生态系统结构及其功能。本研究以祁连山西段葫芦沟流域典型高寒草原为研究对象,2021年秋季利用陷阱法和干漏斗法收集了长期围封禁牧和自由放牧区大型和中型土壤节肢动物样品,确定禁牧对高寒草原大型和中型土壤节肢动物多样性的影响。结果表明,禁牧与放牧高寒草原秋季大型和中型土壤节肢动物群落组成明显不同。禁牧与放牧高寒草原相比提高了大型土壤节肢动物的密度、类群丰富度和多样性指数,其中大型土壤动物活动密度在禁牧高寒草原显著高于放牧高寒草原生境;禁牧与放牧高寒草原相比显著降低了高寒草原中型土壤节肢动物的密度、类群丰富度、多样性指数以及螨类和跳虫密度比值(A/C)。不同土壤节肢动物类群对禁牧和放牧的响应模式不同,禁牧与放牧高寒草原相比显著提高了高寒草原蜈蚣、蜘蛛和甲虫的活动密度,降低了蚂蚁的活动密度和跳虫的密度。总之,高寒草原土壤节肢动物群落及主要类群对禁牧和放牧管理的响应十分敏感,其数量及多样性变化可以用于指示高寒草原的放牧管理。Overgrazing and climate change are resulting in the degradation of alpine grasslands in the Qilian Mountains.Preventing grazing by fencing can restore the degraded alpine grassland ecosystem.However,long-term prevention of grazing will affect the structure and function of above-and below-ground ecosystems in alpine grasslands.In this research,we studied typical alpine grassland in the Hulu watershed of the Qilian Mountains,in which fenced(FH)and grazed alpine grassland habitats(GH)formed a gradient of grazing management.In autumn 2021,soil macro-and meso-arthropods were collected in the long-term FH and GH areas of alpine grassland by pitfall trapping and an improved Tullgren funnel method,and were identified and counted.The soil macro-and meso-arthropod community composition differed significantly between the FH and GH areas of alpine grassland in the fall,and soil meso-arthropod diversity was more sensitive than macro-arthropod diversity to grazing management.Compared with GH areas,the FH areas showed higher values of group richness and Shannon-Wiener index of soil macro-arthropods,and the activity density of soil macro-arthropods was significantly higher in FH areas than in GH areas.Compared with soil macro-arthropods,soil meso-arthropods responded differently to grazing management of alpine grassland.Their values of contrast density,group richness,Shannon-Wiener index,and Acarina/Collembola(A/C)were lower in FH areas than in GH areas.These results show that different soil arthropod taxa respond differently to grazing management of alpine grassland,and this affects the assemblages of soil macro-and meso-arthropods.Furthermore,prevention of grazing in alpine grassland significantly decreased the activity density of centipedes,spiders,and beetles,and reduced the activity density of ants and the density of springtails.In short,soil arthropod communities and major taxa in alpine grassland are sensitive to fencing and grazing management,and their changes in abundance and diversity can be used to indicate grazing ma

关 键 词：祁连山 高寒草原 禁牧和放牧 土壤节肢动物 多样性 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]