“渴”“竭”二字在表示“尽、穷尽”义时的 历时更替及原因分析  

Evolution and Analysis of the Historical Meaning of“Exhausted”for the Characters渴and竭

作　　者：张燕 ZHANG Yan

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2023年第2期54-65,128,共13页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“基于数据挖掘的《切韵》系韵书微观比较及方法论研究”(19AYY015);国家社科基金重大项目“《洪武正韵》系韵书与明代字书比较研究及数据挖掘分析”(21&ZD298);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目“安大简《诗经》与传世毛诗用字比较研究”(21B0171)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章借助出土文献材料,利用普方古民外的研究方法,对汉语中“渴”“竭”二字在表示常用词“尽、穷尽”义时的历时用字更替进行了描写,大概在西汉晚期二字有了分化的趋势,到东汉时期完成了分工,并在此基础上分析了更替的原因及更替机制。汉字词义的引申及汉字借用会导致一个汉字记录职能过于复杂,负担过重,这时汉字系统就会发生变化。通过清浊别义、字形分化、语音分化多种手段进行调节,汉字系统趋于明确化,“渴”专门表示“口渴”义,“竭”专门表示“尽、穷尽”义。Drawing on excavated documentary materials and using the research methods of mandarin-dialect-ancient-Chinese-minority-languages-and-foreign-languages,this article describes the historical evolution of the Chinese characters渴and竭in expressing the meaning of the common word“exhausted;used up”.The splitting tendency of these two characters began in the late Western Han period and was completed during the Eastern Han period.On this basis,it analyzes the reason and mechanism of replacement.The extension of the meaning of Chinese characters and the borrowing of Chinese characters will lead to the over-complicated recording function of a Chinese character,and then the Chinese character system will undergo changes.The Chinese character system tends to be clear and defi nite by adjusting it through various means of voice-voiceless meanings,form diff erentiation and phonetic diff erentiation.Ke(渴)specifi cally means“thirst”and Jie(竭)specifi cally means“exhaustion”.

关 键 词：渴 竭 更替 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]