新疆部分地区牛场牛蹄病流行病学及治疗情况调查  

Investigation on Epidemiology and Treatment of Hoof Disease in Cattle Farms in Some Regions of Xinjiang

作　　者：李镔罡 肖海侠 艾柯代·吐鲁洪 杨学云[2] 何佳[3] 马万鹏 刘璐瑶 苏战强[1,4] LI Bin-gang;XIAO Hai-xia;Ikedai·Tuluhong;YANG Xue-yun;HE Jia;MA Wan-peng;LIU Lu-yao;SU Zhan-qiang(College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Hutubi Cattle Farm Co.,Ltd.,Hutubi 831203,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Drug Research and Creation,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆畜牧科学院兽医研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆呼图壁种牛场有限公司,新疆呼图壁831203 [4]新疆草食动物新药研究与创制重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2023年第7期17-22,共6页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(202009242);新疆褐牛联合育种体系项目(2021B01001-2)。

摘　　要：为了调查新疆维吾尔自治区部分地区牛场中牛蹄病发病和治疗情况,本试验以乌鲁木齐市周边3个牛场为研究对象,连续5个月对跛行和牛蹄病发病和治疗情况进行记录并分析。结果显示,3个牛场跛行牛只中99.77%由牛蹄病所致,总体发病率为20.91%,其中A牛场为23.08%、B牛场为31.74%、C牛场为8.86%,牛生存环境和饲养管理方式越好的牛场牛蹄病发病率越低;蹄皮炎为主要牛蹄病类型,占80.37%,蹄底溃疡占14.25%,变形蹄占4.91%,蹄叶炎占0.47%。变形蹄以延蹄和拖鞋蹄为主,共占61.91%;48.84%的牛蹄病发生于两后蹄系部,23.14%的牛蹄病发生于趾间。治疗方面,A牛场、B牛场和C牛场患牛蹄病的牛只经3次治疗后治愈率分别为100%、100%和97.73%。结果表明,牛蹄病是新疆维吾尔自治区部分牛场中牛只跛行的主要原因,牛蹄病类型主要为蹄皮炎、蹄底溃疡、变形蹄和蹄叶炎,其中蹄皮炎最严重,且以后趾蹄皮炎发病率最高;采用腐蹄康散外用,蜂胶提取物、青霉素和链霉素外用,以及头孢噻夫钠、萘普生注射液和地塞米松注射液肌肉注射联用这3种用药治疗方式均有很好的疗效,提示牛场在加强牛蹄病预防的同时,还要特别重视对跛行牛进行及时诊断和治疗。This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and treatment of hoof disease in selected cattle farms in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Three cattle farms located near Urumqi were selected as the research objects,and the occurrence and treatment of lameness and hoof disease were recorded and analyzed for five consecutive months.The results showed that 99.77%of the lame cattle in the three farms were caused by hoof disease,with an overall incidence rate of 20.91%.The incidence rates were 23.08%in Farm A,31.74%in Farm B,and 8.86%in Farm C.The better the living environment and feeding management of the cattle farm,the lower the incidence rate of hoof disease.The main types of the hoof disease were hoof dermatitis,accounting for 80.37%,followed by hoof floor ulcer(14.25%),deformed hoof(4.91%),and laminitis(0.47%).Deformed hooves mainly manifested as elongated hooves and slipper hooves,accounting for a total of 61.91%.48.84%of hoof diseases occurred in the hindlimb pastern,and 23.14%occurred between the digits.In terms of treatment,the cure rates after three treatments for hoof diseases in Farm A,B,and C were 100%,100%,and 97.73%,respectively.The results indicate that hoof disease is the main cause of lameness in selected cattle farms in Xinjiang.The most common types of hoof disease are hoof dermatitis,hoof floor ulcer,deformed hoof and laminitis,with hoof dermatitis being the most severe and posterior toe hoof dermatitis having the highest incidence rate.The topical application of Futi Kang San,the external use of propolis extract with penicillin and streptomycin,and combination of cefoperazone sodium,naphazoline,and dexamethasone injection via intramuscular injection,all demonstrate good therapeutic effects.This suggests that in addition to strengthening the prevention of hoof disease,it is also important to pay special attention to timely diagnosis and treatment of lame cattle.

关 键 词：牛 牛蹄病 跛行 流行病学 

分 类 号：S851.31[农业科学—预防兽医学]