从石刻文献看家族变迁与唐后期幽州政局——以刘氏和朱氏为中心的考察  

The Relation between the Rise and Fall of Families and the Political Situation of Youzhou Province in the Late Tang Dynasty Viewed from the Inscriptions:A Study Centered on LIU and ZHU

作　　者：张天虹[1] ZHANG Tian-hong(School of History,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100089

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期33-41,共9页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学基金重点项目“石刻文献与唐五代幽州社会研究”(17LSA002);2022年度北京市属高校教师队伍高水平科研创新团队支持计划“古文献整理与中古史研究”。

摘　　要：对刘氏家族和朱氏家族进行深入研究,有可能为我们理解唐后期幽州政局提供一些线索。新刊墓志、《房山石经题记》与传统史料的相互印证,提供了研究的条件。这两个家族原本为姻亲,根基深厚。朱泚执掌幽州节钺,“河朔故事”在幽州同样具备了深厚的社会基础。朱氏家族在与朝廷的激烈对抗中削弱了自身力量及社会声望,刘氏不赞成与中央的战争,维护幽州本土的利益,从而社会声望大增,接替朱氏。刘济兄弟争权,刘总弑父杀兄,削弱了刘氏家族的力量,但刘总归朝才从根本上破坏了刘氏在幽州的势力,幽州政治精英集团也有了调整。从此幽州的地方社会缺少了一个像刘氏这样根基深厚、支脉广泛、颇具社会声望的家族。朱氏后人朱克融的上台可谓勉为其难,根基并不稳,最终引发军乱。填补这个空缺的幽州上层政治精英,都没有形成像刘氏家族这样的社会声望,彼此之间也容易陷于一种“均质竞争”的状态,从而使此后的幽州政局长期动荡。An in-depth study of the LIU family and the ZHU family may provide some clues for us to understand the political situation of Youzhou Province in the late Tang Dynasty.The mutual corroboration of the recently pub-lished epitaphs,The Preface to Fangshan Stone Classics Inscription and the traditional historical materials provided the conditions for this research.The two families were originally related by marriage,with deep roots."Heshuo Practice"got its profound social foundations when ZHU Ci became the governor of Youzhou Province.The ZHU family weakened its power and social reputation in the fierce confrontations with the central government of the Tang.LIU did not approve of wars with the central government and defended the local interests of Youzhou Province,which made their social prestige increased greatly.The LIU family replaced the ZHU family and became the master of Youzhou.As LIU Ji contended with his brother for power and LIU Zong killed his father and elder brother.The LIU famliy suffered a loss.However,It was LIU Zong's return to the capital that fundamentally destroyed LIU's power in Youzhou Province.Accordingly,there was a structure adjustment in the political elites of Youzhou.From then on,the local society in Youzhou Province lacked a family with deep roots,broad branches and great social reputation like the LIU family.ZHU Kerong,a descendant of the ZHU's family,came to power reluctantly.His foundation was not stable,which eventually led to military chaos.The upper political elites in Youzhou Province who filled the vacancy did not form such social prestige as the LIU family,and they were also prone to fall into a state of"homogeneous competition",which led to long-term political turmoil in Youzhou Province since the death of ZHU Kerong.

关 键 词：石刻文献 唐代后期 幽州政局 朱氏家族 刘氏家族 

分 类 号：K242.3[历史地理—历史学]