武汉市某汽车制造企业噪声作业人群特征分析及护听器防护效果验证评估  

Analysis on characteristics of noise-exposed workers in a automobile manufacturing enterprise inWuhan City and verification and evaluation on protective effect of hearing protectors

作　　者：张丽[1] 何朋[1] 耿宏波 熊佳琪 秦梓航 ZHANG Li;HE Peng;GENG Hongbo;XIONG Jiaqi;QIN Zihang(Wuhan Safety and Environmental Protection Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Steel Group,Wuhan Hubei,430000,China)

机构地区：[1]中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第13期1744-1748,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 为保障企业员工职业健康,减少噪声危害,开展此次护听器适合性检验。方法 于2021年8—11月,选用3种测试耳塞,采用双耳防护验证系统对武汉市某汽车制造企业内11个部门共501名在岗员工进行了护听器防护效果验证,测试员工的双耳个人声衰减值。结果 武汉市某汽车制造企业噪声作业岗位较多,约占总接害岗位的50%,在岗期间职业健康检查150余人听力异常人员,约占员工总人数的4%,且年龄分布为偏年轻化。1110型耳塞一次通过率平均为64.3%,3种耳塞一次通过率平均为31.9%;耳塞佩戴方法的培训对员工正确佩戴耳塞和提升个人实际衰减值(personal attenuation rating,PAR)具有积极作用,培训前后PAR有显著性差异;发现4人不适合目前所配发的1110型耳塞。结论 武汉市某汽车制造企业员工对耳塞防护知识的了解较少,耳塞一次通过率较低,说明应用护听器之前,应对相关人员进行佩戴方法的培训和佩戴必要性的教育。Objective In order to ensure the occupational health of employees and reduce noise hazards,the individual fit testing of hearing protectors was carried out.Methods From August to November of the 2021,three kinds of hearing protectors were selected,and the protective effect was verified of the 501 on-duty employees from 11 departments in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City by the binaural protection verification system,the employee's binaural personal attenuation rating was tested.Results There were many noise-exposed positions in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City,accounting for about 50%of the total positions exposed to occupational hazards.The occupational health examination during the on-the-job period found that more than 150 people had abnormal hearing,accounting for about 4%of the total number of employees,and the age distribution was younger.The average one-time pass rate of 1110 earplug was 64.3%and the average one-time pass rate of all three kinds of earplugs was 31.9%.The training of earplug wearing played positive roles on correcting earplugs wearing and improving personal attenuation rating(PAR)value.A significant difference in PAR value was observed before and after the training.It was found that four employees are not suitable for the currently used 1110 earplug.Conclusion The employees in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City have limited understanding of earplug protection knowledge,the one-time pass rate of earplug is relatively low,which means that relevant personnel should be trained in wearing methods and necessary education before applying hearing protectors.

关 键 词：噪声 护听器 个人声衰减值 适合性检验 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]