基于GIS分析近50 a库木塔格沙漠与植被覆盖面积变化及其驱动机制  

GIS-based Analysis of Kumtag Desert and Vegetation Cover Changes and Their Driving Mechanisms over the Past 50 Years

作　　者：王婷婷[1] 殷刚[1,2] 徐华君 冯义义[1] WANG Tingting;YIN Gang;XU Huajun;FENG Yiyi(College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology,Ministiy of Educatien,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期57-67,共11页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41961042)。

摘　　要：采用Landsat系列遥感影像并利用NVI和ArcGIS对库木塔格沙漠以及植被覆盖变化进行空间分析,在西北干旱区的气候背景下结合自然因子和人类活动分析库木塔格沙漠以及植被覆盖变化与降水、气温、风向、风速和人类活动之间的关系.结果表明:(1)1972—2021年库木塔格沙漠面积呈现轻微增加—减少—持续减少的趋势,沙漠面积总体变化规模较小,保持相对稳定;(2)1972—2021年库木塔格地区植被覆盖面积快速增长,由127.56 km^(2)增加到321.51 km^(2),植被覆盖主要由中低植被覆盖转为中高植被覆盖和裸地;(3)降水和气温的变化对植被覆被变化的敏感性大于对沙漠面积变化的敏感性,风速与沙漠和戈壁面积变化的敏感性更高;(4)库木塔格沙漠累年盛行风向以北风和西北风为主,北风和西北风风向频率高但风速小,南风和东南风风向频率低但风速大,风力作用达到了一个相对稳定的平衡状态.近50 a降水、气温和风速整体呈上升趋势是库木塔格沙漠和植被面积变化的主要原因之一,在自然因素和人类活动的综合驱动下,库木塔格沙漠与绿洲城镇之间保持“绿不退,沙不进”的特征.The spatial analysis of Kumutag Desert and vegetation cover changes using Landsat series remote sensing images with ENVI and ArcGIS was conducted to analyze the relationship between Kumtag Desert and vegetation cover changes with precipitation,temperature,wind direction,wind speed and human activities in the climatic context of the Northwest Arid Zone in combination with natural factors and human activities.The results show that(1)the area of Kumtag Desert shows a trend of slight increase-decrease-continuous decrease from 1972 to 2021,and the overall change of desert area is small in scale and remains relatively stable.(2)The vegetation cover of Kumtag area increased rapidly from 127.56 km^(2) to 321.51 km^(2) from 1972 to 2021,and the vegetation cover mainly changed from medium-low vegetation cover to medium-high vegetation cover and bare ground.(3)Changes in precipitation and temperature are more sensitive to changes in vegetation cover than to changes in desert area;wind speed is more sensitive to changes in desert and Gobi area.(4)The wind direction prevailing in Kumtag Desert over the years is mainly north and northwest wind,with high frequency but low wind speed in north and northwest wind direction,and low frequency but high wind speed in south and southeast wind direction,and the wind force has reached a relatively stable state of equilibrium.The overall upward trend of precipitation,temperature and wind speed over the past 50 years is one of the main reasons for the change of Kumtag Desert and vegetation area,driven by the combination of natural factors and human activities,the Kumtag Desert and the oasis town maintain the characteristics of "green not retreating,sand not advancing".

关 键 词：库木塔格沙漠 监督分类 植被覆盖度 驱动 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]