动力链视域下体操下肢弹跳力训练需求分析  

An Analysis of Training Needs for Lower Limb Leaping and Jumping Ability in Gymnastics from a Dynamic Chain Perspective

作　　者：李小云 Li Xiaoyun(Jiujiang College,Jiujiang 332005,China)

机构地区：[1]九江学院,江西九江332005

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第7期67-70,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：提高对项目特征的认知程度是快速提高训练水平的关键环节。为深入认识自由体操专项特征,提高下肢弹跳力训练针对性,本文综合运用文献资料法、比赛技术统计法和环节受力分析法等方法,依据动力链、运动解剖学和运动训练学等理论,对自由体操项目重要技术动作和肌肉发力特点等专项特点进行了深入分析,结果表明:①自由体操中起跳发力特点是下肢的混合链运动模式,有别于一些运动项目起跳时脚腕、膝关节先缓冲再起跳的下肢闭链运动模式;②自由体操项目往往一套成套中需要在处于非最佳状态下连续完成爆发性的起跳动作多达8-9次,因此需要重视连续功率的训练。Higher degree of understanding of discipline characteristics is a key step in raising the training level fast.For a deeper understanding of the specific characteristics of Floor Exercise among artistic gymnastics disciplines,and more targeted training of lower limb leaping and jumping ability,this study performed an in-depth analysis of the discipline-specific characteristics of Floor Exercise including important technical movements and muscle force exertion according to the theories of Kinematic Chain,sports anatomy,and sports training,by using the research methods of literature data review,competition technical statistics,and segmental force analysis.The following results were observed:(1)The take-off force exertion in Floor Exercise is characteristic in a hybrid chain motion pattern of lower limbs.It is different from the closed kinetic chain motion pattern of lower limbs in other disciplines in that the ankle and knee joints first cushion before take-off.(2)In Floor Exercise,a set of routines typically requires the execution of 8-9 explosive take-off movements while a gymnast is in a sub-optimal state,so importance should be attached to continuous power training.

关 键 词：动力链 下肢弹跳力 竞技体操 专项特征 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]