项群训练理论应用于我国冬季项目跨界跨项选材的研究  

A Study on the Application of Group Training Theory to Talent Transfer for Winter Sports in China

作　　者：张展 张晓明 刘耀荣[1] 龙玉玲 张琳[1] 王旭东 Zhang Zhan;Zhang Xiaoming;Liu Yaorong;Long Yuling;Zhang Lin;Wang Xudong(Graduate School of Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院研究生部,陕西西安710068 [2]甘肃林业职业技术学院,甘肃天水741023 [3]陕西省举重摔跤柔道运动管理中心,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第7期106-109,130,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：为探析我国冬季项目跨界跨项选材的理论方法,以促进我国冬季项目的发展,本文以项群训练理论为依据开展研究,通过文献资料法、案例分析法、对比分析法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,对我国冬季项目进行系统分析。结果表明:“跨界跨项”选材源于同项群竞技能力构成相似的运动项目,可从体能和技能两种主导类项群进行跨项。研究结论:①体能主导类速度性可跨项至短距离滑雪、短距离滑冰、雪车等;②体能主导类耐力性项目可跨项至长距离滑雪、长距离滑冰、冬季两项等;③体能主导类快速力量性可跨项至跳台滑雪等;④技能主导类表现难美性可跨项至花样滑冰、自由式滑雪、高山滑雪等;⑤技战能主导类同场对抗性可跨项至冰球等。建议:借助项群训练理论指导我国冬季跨界跨项选材,以跨界跨项成功案例为参考进行跨界跨项选材,争取在短期内改进我国现阶段冬季项目人才匮乏的劣势。We aimed to explore the theoretical methods of talent transfer and selection for winter sports in China,with the goal of promoting the development of winter sports.Drawing upon the group training theory,we conducted a systematic analysis of China's winter sports using various research methods,including literature data,case analysis,comparative analysis,and logical analysis.The findings indicate that talent transfer and selection is based on the similarity of competitive abilities within the same group of sports.Talent transfer can be achieved by considering two groups:physical-dominant group and skill-dominant group.We came to the following conclusions.(1)Talents of speed events of physical-dominant group are transferable to short-distance sking,short-distance ice skating,and bobsleigh.(2)Talents of endurance events of physical-dominant group are transferable to long-distance sking,long-distance ice skating,and winter biathlon.(3)Talents of speed and strength events of physical-dominant group are transferable to ski jumping and other events.(4)Talents of events that exhibit performance difficulty and aesthetics of the skill-dominant group are transferable to figure skating,freestyle sking,and alpine sking.(5)Talents of on-court antagonism subgroup of the technique-and-tactic dominant group are transferable to ice hockey and other events.We recommended utilizing the group training theory to guide the cross-discipline and cross-event talent selection for winter sports in China,drawing lessons from successful talent transfer cases to overcome the current talent shortage in Chinese winter sports in the short term.

关 键 词：项群训练理论 冬季项目 跨界跨项 运动选材 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]