广西君武森林公园海南(开鸟)繁殖生态和巢址选择  

Breeding Ecology and Nest Site Selection of White-eared Night Herons in Junwu Forest Park,Guangxi

作　　者：谭丽凤[1,2] 曹和琴 俸海刀 李斌强 蒋桂娟 杨再玺[1] 粟海军 TAN Lifeng;CAO Heqin;FENG Haidao;LI Binqiang;JIANG Guijuan;YANG Zaixi;SU Haijun(Guangxi Eco-Engineering Vocational&Technical College,Liuzhou,545004,China;Forestry College of Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025,China;Liuzhou Zoo Management Office,Liuzhou,545005,China)

机构地区：[1]广西生态工程职业技术学院,柳州545004 [2]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [3]柳州市动物园管理处,柳州545005

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第3期593-602,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：广西壮族自治区林业局林业科技项目(桂林科研[2022ZC]第48号);广西高校科学技术研究项目(KY2015LX713);广西生态工程职业技术学院校级课题(2020KY05)。

摘　　要：繁殖是鸟类生活史中极其重要的环节,也是决定整个种群发展的关键时期。海南(开鸟)(Gorsachius magnificus)具有独居、夜行性且行踪隐蔽等特点,野外难以观察,对其生态习性等了解甚少。为了解海南(开鸟)的繁殖生态和揭示影响海南巢址选择的主要因素,在2013—2022年的繁殖期,对广西君武森林公园内的海南(开鸟)繁殖过程采用定点监测法观察,并利用样方法对巢址特征进行记录。研究期间记录到12对海南(开鸟)繁殖过程,孵化率为83.33%(n=24),幼鸟成活率为87.50%(n=32);总繁殖成功率为83.33%(n=12)。幼鸟4月下旬出巢,6月末—7月初离巢。筑巢树种为马尾松(Pinus massoniana),平均树高(32.6±2.0)m(n=12),平均胸径(55.0±2.2)cm(n=12),巢距地面平均高度(27.0±2.2)m(n=12)。巢址选择分析结果显示,影响海南巢址选择的主要因子是安全因素(包括灌木盖度、巢树高和乔木郁闭度),其次是食物因素(包括距林缘距离和距水边距离)。研究发现海南(开鸟)虽能在人工马尾松林中顺利繁殖,但人为干扰会影响海南(开鸟)对巢址的利用。本研究连续近10年观察和记录海南(开鸟)的繁殖,比较全面地揭示了繁殖行为和巢址选择,为海南(开鸟)的保护和管理提供基础性资料。Breeding is an extremely important part of the life history of birds,and it is also a crucial period that determines the development of the entire population.White-eared night heron(Gorsachius magnificus)is difficult to observe in the wild due to its solitary,nocturnal behavior,concealment and other characteristics,and little is known about its ecological habits.In order to understand the breeding ecology of white-eared night herons and to reveal the main factors influencing their nest site selection,the breeding process of white-eared night herons in Guangxi Junwu Forest Park was observed during the breeding period from 2013 to 2022 by a fixed-point monitoring method and their nest site characteristics were recorded by a quadrat method.During the study,breeding activities of 12 pairs of white-eared night herons were recorded.The average hatching rate was 83.33%(n=24);the average survival rate of chicks was 87.50%(n=32),and the total breeding success rate was 83.33%(n=12).The nestling departed from their nests in late April and left their nest trees in late June and early July.The nesting tree species was masson pine(Pinus massoniana),the average tree height was(32.6±2.0)m(n=12),the mean diameter at breast height was(55.0±2.2)cm(n=12),and the average height of the nest from the ground was(27.0±2.2)m(n=12).The results of nest site selection analysis showed that the main factors influencing the nest site se⁃lection of white-eared night herons were safety factors(including shrub coverage,nest tree height,tree canopy size),fol⁃lowed by food factors(including distance from the forest edge and water edge).The study found that white-eared night her⁃ons can breed successfully in the artificial masson pine forest,but human disturbance will affect the nest-site utilization.This study has observed and recorded the breeding activities of white-eared night herons for nearly 10 consecutive years,and thoroughly eluviated its breeding behavior and nest site selection,and also provided the basic information for conserva�

关 键 词：海南(开鸟) 繁殖生态 巢址选择 君武森林公园 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]