基于卫星追踪的东北地区红隼冬季家域及移动特点  

Winter Home Range and Movement Characteristics of Common Kestrels in Northeast China Based on Satellite Tracking

作　　者：徐沛卓 许青[1] XU Peizhuo;XU Qing(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第3期603-614,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：2021年11月—2022年2月,采用卫星追踪技术在中国东北地区的赤峰、大连和哈尔滨分别对7只红隼普通亚种(Falco tinnunculus interstinctus)(2♂,5♀)进行追踪,对冬季家域面积、土地利用特点和影响冬季家域面积大小的因素进行分析,对昼夜和各月份的活跃程度及影响栖息地更换的因素进行探索。结果表明:使用动态布朗桥模型分析发现,冬季红隼95%d BBMM平均家域面积为(448.56±361.59)km^(2),90%d BBMM平均家域面积为(108.57±153.18)km^(2),50%d BBMM平均家域面积为(2.80±3.23)km^(2),个体的家域面积不存在显著差异(p>0.05)。对核心家域(50%d BBMM)土地利用类型的分析发现,冬季红隼更偏向于利用居民区和林地。混合线性模型分析表明,对于红隼冬季家域(95%d BBMM)而言,风速(β=0.50,p<0.05)对其有显著影响,能见度(β=0.82,p<0.01)、气温(β=1.46,p<0.01)和降水量(β=-1.08,p<0.01)对其有极显著影响,而NDVI(β=0.23,p>0.05)对其无显著影响,各因素对核心家域(50%d BBMM)均无显著影响。布朗方差分析表明,跟踪个体冬季昼夜活跃程度差异不显著(p>0.05),但11—12月活动频次较高,这可能与栖息地探索行为有关。此外,记录到个别个体有更换栖息地的现象,依广义混合线性模型分析发现,能见度的变化对红隼更换栖息地影响显著(β=0.90,p<0.01)。Seven common subspecies of kestrels(Falco tinnunculus interstinctus)(2♂,5♀)were tracked using satellite tracking technology in Chifeng,Dalian and Harbin,in northeast China,from November 2021 to February 2022.Their win⁃ter home range,land use characteristics and factors influencing the size of their winter home range were analyzed,and their diurnal and monthly activity levels and factors influencing habitat replacement were explored.The results showed that the dy⁃namic Brownian Bridge model revealed that the mean home range of winter common kestrels was(448.56±361.59)km^(2) for 95%dBBMM,(108.57±153.18)km^(2) for 90%dBBMM,and(2.80±3.23)km^(2) for 50%dBBMM,and the home range among individuals was not significantly different(p>0.05).The analysis of land use types in the core home range(50%dBBMM)showed that common kestrel preferred to use built-up land and tree cover in winter.The linear mixed model showed that for common kestrels winter home range(95%dBBMM),wind speed(β=0.50,p<0.05)had an significant ef⁃fect,visibility(β=0.82,p<0.01),air temperature(β=1.46,p<0.01)and precipitation(β=-1.08,p<0.01)had a highly sig⁃nificant effect,while NDVI(β=0.23,p>0.05)had no significant effect,and none of the factors had a significant effect on the core home range(50%dBBMM).Brown’s variance analysis showed that the difference in diurnal activity of tracked in⁃dividuals in winter was not significant(p>0.05),however,higher frequency of activity in November-December may be re⁃lated to habitat exploration.In addition,changes in individual habitats were recorded,and generalized linear mixed model revealed that changes in visibility had a highly significant effect on habitat changes of common kestrels(β=0.90,p<0.01)

关 键 词：红隼 冬季家域 移动生态学 卫星追踪 动态布朗桥模型 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]