安全剂缓解草坪草酰胺类除草剂药害作用评价  

Evaluation of the Effect of Safeners to Alleviate the Phytotoxicity of Amide Herbicides on Turfgrass

作　　者：苏旺苍[1] 杨慕菡 薛飞[1] 孙兰兰[1] 徐洪乐[1] 冯长松[2] 吴仁海[1] SU Wangcang;YANG Muhan;XUE Fei;SUN Lanlan;XU Hongle;FENG Changsong;WU Renhai(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第7期90-97,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省农业科学院自主选题项目(2022ZC36);河南省科技攻关项目(222102110478)。

摘　　要：为建立草坪草的杂草防治技术,通过室内盆栽法测定了安全剂解草酮、解草啶缓解酰胺类除草剂丙草胺、精异丙甲草胺对黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾、剪股颖4种草坪草药害的作用。结果表明,黑麦草种子经解草啶浸种处理后,丙草胺30~60 g/hm^(2)(有效成分,下同)处理下出苗抑制得到有效缓解,同时黑麦草鲜质量抑制中剂量(GR_(50))增加17.9%;黑麦草种子经解草啶浸种处理后,精异丙甲草胺3.75~30 g/hm^(2)处理下出苗抑制得到有效缓解,缓解率达到10.0%~23.2%,黑麦草鲜质量GR_(50)增加42.3%;高羊茅种子经解草啶浸种处理后,精异丙甲草胺30、60 g/hm^(2)处理下出苗抑制率降低到10%以下,高羊茅鲜质量GR_(50)增加95.3%;解草酮、解草啶与丙草胺、精异丙甲草胺联用对早熟禾、剪股颖的出苗抑制情况基本无缓解效果。综上所述,解草啶与丙草胺联用可提高丙草胺对黑麦草的安全性,解草啶与精异丙甲草胺联用可提高精异丙甲草胺对黑麦草、高羊茅的安全性,而解草酮和解草啶对早熟禾和剪股颖的丙草胺和精异丙甲草胺药害缓解作用不明显。In this study,the alleviating effects of the safeners benoxacor and fenclorim on the phytotoxicity of pretilachlor and s-metolachlor to four turfgrasses(Lolium perenne,Festuca elata,Poa annua,Agrostis matsumurae) were measured by indoor pot experiment.The results showed that the inhibition of emergence under 30—60 g/ha(active ingredient,the same below) treatments of pretilachlor was effectively alleviated after L.perenne seeds were soaked with fenclorim,and the fresh weight GR_(50)(the dose resulting in 50% growth reduction)of L.perenne increased by 17.9%.After L.perenne seeds were soaked with fenclorim,the inhibition of L.perenne emergence was effectively alleviated in the treatments of 3.75—30 g/ha s-metolachlor,the remission rate reached 10.0%—23.2%,and the fresh weight GR_(50)of L.perenne increased by 42.3%.After F.elata seeds were soaked with fenclorim,the inhibition rate of emergence treated with 30 and 60 g/ha s-metolachlor was reduced to less than 10%,and the fresh weight GR_(50)of F.elata increased by 95.3%.The inhibition of seedling emergence of P.annua and A.matsumurae was basically not relieved by the combination of benoxacor and fenclorim with pretilachlor and s-metolachlor.To sum up,the combination of fenclorim and pretilachlor can improve the safety of pretilachlor for L.perenne,and the combination of fenclorim and s-metolachlor can improve the safety of s-metolachlor for L.perenne and F.elata.However,the alleviation of benoxacor and fenclorim on P.annua and A.matsumurae was not significant under the use of pretilachlor and s-metolachlor.

关 键 词：草坪草 安全剂 除草剂 安全性 解草酮 解草啶 

分 类 号：S482.46[农业科学—农药学]